黄芪(粗)多糖对麻黄素损伤小鼠肾组织结构和抗氧化物酶活性及Caspase-3蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨黄芪（粗）多糖（APS）对麻黄素致损伤小鼠肾组织结构和抗氧化物酶活性的影响。方法 72只昆明小鼠分为空白对照组、实验对照组和黄芪(粗)多糖1、2组。实验对照组和黄芪(粗)多糖1、2组连续腹腔注射0.2 ml浓度为4.0g/L麻黄素溶液，黄芪(粗)多糖1、2组在腹腔注射麻黄素溶液1 h后，分别灌胃0.3 ml(12.5 g/L、25 g/L)APS溶液，空白对照组注射和灌胃等量的生理盐水。用比色法测定小鼠血浆尿素氮（BUN）及肌酐(Cr)含量、肾组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化，用显微镜观察小鼠肾组织结构的变化，用免疫组织化学法及Western blotting法检测肾组织Caspase-3蛋白表达的变化。结果 实验对照组小鼠血浆BUN及Cr含量高于空白对照组，肾组织SOD活性低于空白对照组，MDA含量高于空白对照组 (P<0.05或P<0.01)，肾小球严重肿胀，肾小囊腔狭窄，肾小管上皮细胞有不同程度肿胀、坏死，肾组织Caspase-3蛋白表达高于空白对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与实验对照组相比，APS组小鼠血浆BUN及Cr含量降低，肾组织SOD活性升高，MDA含量降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)，肾小球肿胀显著减轻，肾小囊腔明显可见，肾小管肿胀明显减轻，Caspase-3蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。 结论 APS能提高小鼠肾功能及肾组织细胞的抗氧化酶活性，能降低肾组织Caspase-3蛋白的表达，可有效减轻麻黄素对小鼠肾组织的损伤，对麻黄素致损伤小鼠有明显的保护效应。

Effect of astragalus polysaccharide on histological structure,enzyme activity and Caspase-3 protein expression in the kidney of mice injured by ephedrine

Objective To investigate astragalus polysaccharide（APS）on histological structure and enzyme activity in kidney of mice injured by ephedrine. Methods Seventy-two Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups：the nature control group, the experimental control group,the APS1 and 2 groups. The experimental control group, and APS1 and 2 groups were intraperitoneally injected with 4.0 g/L of ephedrine, 0.2ml twice a day for 15 days. The APS1 and 2 groups were respectively intragastric ally administed with 0.3 ml APS (12.5 g/L,25g/L) 1 hour after ephedrine injection, the control group was injected and intragastric ally administed with the same amount of saline.The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine(Cr) content of plasma as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of kidney tissue in the kidney were determined by colorimetry. The kidney histological structures were observed by optical microscopy. The changes of Caspase-3 protein expression in kidney were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results The BUN and Cr content in the blood of the experimental control groups were higher than that of the nature control group. The SOD activity in kidney of the experimental control groups was lower than the nature control groups, while the content of MDA was higher than the nature control groups (P<0.05 or P< 0.01).The histological structure lesions of the experimental control group showed that the glomerular swelled seriously, the renal capsule lumen stenosis,the swelling and necrosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells accured in different degrees. The expressions of Caspase-3 protein in kidney of the experimental control groups were higher than the control groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The BUN and Cr content of plasma of the APS groups were lower than the experimental control groups. The SOD activity in the renal tissue of the APS groups increased,while the MDA content decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The histological structure lesions of the APS groups were relieved, the renal capsule lumen were obvious, the swelling of the renal tubular reduced, the degeneration and exfoliating of the epithelial cells alleviated. The expression of Caspase-3 protein in kidney declined significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion APS enhanced the cells antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced the expression of Caspase-3 protein.Therefore, APS alleviated the damage of kidney tissue caused by ephedrine effectively, and significantly protected the mice form the ephedrine effects.