气道支架力学设计与数值模拟研究进展

气道狭窄是一种先天性或由感染、肿瘤、外伤、结核等疾病引起的临床常见疾病，国内常见的病因有气管支气管结核、良性或恶性肿瘤等，植入气道支架已经成为介入治疗气道狭窄的主要方式。气道支架由硅酮支架到激光雕刻、编织支架，其材料与构型一直在不断更替改进。气道支架植入后仍然存在支架发生移位、气管出现肉芽肿、再狭窄等问题未解决，这些问题往往与支架植入后对气管组织整体产生的力学作用相关。本文总结归纳气道支架的力学性能以及支架与气管的典型数值模拟研究。力学性能包括支架的径向力、扭结阻力与屈服应力，其常受支架材质、构型设计、制作工艺等综合影响；而数值模拟方法能高效地对支架研发提供技术支持，为支架材料选取、设计改进与制造工作提供参考。

Research Progress on Mechanical Design and Numerical Simulation of Airway Stents

Airway stenosis is a congenital or common clinical disease caused by infection, tumor, trauma, tuberculosis and other diseases, and its common causes in China include tracheobronchial tuberculosis, benign or malignant tumors, etc. Implantation of airway stents has become one of the main ways for interventional treatment of airway stenosis. Airway stent develops from silicone stent to engraved stent and braided stent, and its materials and configurations have been continuously replaced and improved. However, problems such as stent displacement, tracheal granuloma, and restenosis after airway stent implantation still remain unsolved. These issues are related to the mechanical effects on tracheal tissues as a whole after stent implantation. In this paper, mechanical properties of airway stents and typical numerical simulation studies of stents and trachea were summarized. Mechanical properties include stent radial force, kink resistance and yield stress, which will be affected by stent materials, configuration design, manufacturing process, etc. Numerical simulation method can efficiently provide technical support for airway stent development, which provides references for stent material selection, design improvement and manufacturing.