中国学生贫血状况的动态观察

目的 分析中国学生缺铁性贫血检出率和贫血程度构成比的动态变化。方法 比较1995年和2000年学生体质调研资料,对象为7、9、12、14、17岁等代表人群。采用WHO的筛查方法和标准,比较低血红蛋白检出率。结果 近5年来我国学生低血红蛋白检出率大幅度下降,年龄越小改善越明显。7、9岁城市男生贫血检出率分别下降7．6％和5．7％,改善幅度大于城市女生;乡村男、女生各年龄都下降约3％．7％,幅度比城市更大。对贫血的构成比分析表明,中重度贫血比率已低于2％～3％,而城市男生、城市女生、乡村男生、乡村女生的边缘性贫血比率分别上升了7．2％、1．3％、7．0％和6．00h,,提示我国学生的贫血严重程度减轻,矫治难度明显下降。结论 应当科学安排学生的膳食,增加铁储备;重点防治青春发育高峰期少年的贫血;通过学校的健康教育,增加科学营养知识,巩固防治成果。

Dynamic analysis on the detecting rate of iron-deficient anemia of Chinese students

Objective To analyze the detecting rate of iron deficient anemia and the compose ratio of different degree of anemia in Chinese students Method By using the WHO screening standard, and using the row data of 1995 and 2000 National Survey sample, to screen the prevalence of anemia in the primary and secondary school students, and compare the detecting rates among different populations Results The detecting rates of iron deficient anemia have been decreased in a large scale in the Chinese students Situations are better in the young ages than in the relative old ages The detecting rates has decreased 7 6% and 5 7% in the urban boys aged 7 and 9 years old, respectively, in recent 5 years, which are more evident than the urban girls In rural boys and girls, the detecting rates of iron deficiency anemia of all the age groups have decreasing 3%-7%,which are more significant than in the urban ones The composing ratio of the middle and serious degree anemia has already lower than 2%-3%, whereas the ratios of the marginal anemia have risen significantly in the recent 5 years In totally, the ratios have risen 7 2%, 1 3%, 7 0% and 6 0% in the urban boys, urban girls, rural boys and rural girls, respectively This phenomenon shows that the problem of the iron deficiency anemia of the Chinese students will be easily to be overcome in the future Conclusions According to the situation, three measures are suggested by the authors: Focus on increasing the iron storage of the students by scientific arrangement of food intake Put the students who are during the peak adolescent growth as the key population Put the widespread of knowledge of anemia prevention as the contents in the school nutrition education