婴儿神经心理发育特点分析

目的：通过应用0-6岁小儿神经心理发育检查量表（简称儿心量表）,测试1岁以内小儿神经心理发育水平,分析小儿在不同阶段神经发育特点,从而对其提出科学的早期教育指导。方法：采用首都儿科研究所编制的儿心量表对510例0-12月婴儿进行大运动、精细运动、适应能力、语言、社会行为等5个能区检测,并对各年龄段不同性别婴儿的5个能区得分及发育商（DQ）进行统计分析。结果：1岁内婴儿发育商有随着月龄的增加而降低的趋势,各组间发育商比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.001）,除外3-6月与6-9月间（t=1.22,P=0.22）、男女婴之间在5个能区的发育商没有差异,但总发育商存在显著差异（P〈0.01）;城市婴儿比农村各个领域的发育商高（P〈0.001）,但两组总发育商未见显著差异。结论：1岁内婴儿月龄越小发育商越高,因此早期教育要尽早进行。且实施早期教育要考虑到不同性别、城乡不同的婴儿神经心理发育的不同特点实施相应的教育计划。

Test result analysis of the neuropsychological development condition of infants

Objective To analyze the neuropsychological development condition of infants younger than 12 months,by making use of the 0~6years Neuropsychological Examination Scale,for that could guide the reasonable early education of children.Methods Five hundred and ten infants were tested by the 0~6years Neuropsychological Examination Scale,which included gross motor movements,fine motor movements,adaptation ability,language,and social behavior.Scores and DQ were compared among different ages and genders.Results The DQ of infants within 1year old increased with age,which showed significant difference among different ages groups（P〈0.001）.Except for age groups of 3to 6months and 6to 9months（t=1.22,P=0.22）,there were no significant differences in DQ of the 5capabilities between boys and girls,but the overall DQ had significant difference（P〈0.01）.DQ of urban infants was higher than that of rural infants（P〈0.001）but there was no significant difference.Conclusions The younger the infants within 1year old,the higher their DQ,therefore,early education should be carried out as early as possible.Education should be planned on the basis of different characteristics of neuropsychological development among infants of different genders and from different areas.