Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated Fusarium Species |
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| Authors: | Mariana Pinheiro,Caio H. T. Iwase,Bruno G. Bertozzi,Elem T. S. Caramê s,Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz,Ná dia C. Langaro,Eliana B. Furlong,Benedito Correa,Liliana O. Rocha |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.P.); (C.H.T.I.); (B.G.B.); (E.T.S.C.);2.Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.C.-Q.); (B.C.);3.Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99042-800, Brazil;4.School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil; |
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| Abstract: | The current study investigated the fungal diversity in freshly harvested oat samples from the two largest production regions in Brazil, Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), focusing primarily on the Fusarium genus and the presence of type B trichothecenes. The majority of the isolates belonged to the Fusarium sambucinum species complex, and were identified as F. graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), F. meridionale, and F. poae. In the RS region, F. poae was the most frequent fungus, while F. graminearum s.s. was the most frequent in the PR region. The F. graminearum s.s. isolates were 15-ADON genotype, while F. meridionale and F. poae were NIV genotype. Mycotoxin analysis revealed that 92% and 100% of the samples from PR and RS were contaminated with type B trichothecenes, respectively. Oat grains from PR were predominantly contaminated with DON, whereas NIV was predominant in oats from RS. Twenty-four percent of the samples were contaminated with DON at levels higher than Brazilian regulations. Co-contamination of DON, its derivatives, and NIV was observed in 84% and 57.7% of the samples from PR and RS, respectively. The results provide new information on Fusarium contamination in Brazilian oats, highlighting the importance of further studies on mycotoxins. |
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| Keywords: | oats Fusarium sambucinum species complex deoxynivalenol nivalenol mycotoxin |
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