腓总神经与腓骨颈的关系及其小腿各肌支的解剖学研究

目的明确腓总神经与腓骨颈的关系以及小腿各肌支的解剖学特征。方法取成人下肢标本40例,在肉眼及放大镜下解剖,观察腓总神经与腓骨颈的关系以及腓总神经各肌支的数目及走行,以腓骨头最突出点为测量起点,测量腓总神经绕腓骨颈处至腓骨头最突出点的距离;测量各肌支的发出点、入肌点的高度,并作统计学分析。结果腓总神经绕腓骨颈处至腓骨头最突出点的距离,左、右侧分别为(1.64±0.36)cm和(1.58±0.34)cm。各肌支的数目不等,其中胫骨前肌支数目最多,腓骨短肌支和跗长伸肌支的数目较少。40例标本中,腓总神经均穿行于腓骨颈部骨一筋膜管。结论腓总神经在绕腓骨颈处均穿行于骨一筋膜管。提示:这可能是导致腓总神经卡压综合征的主要原因之一;不同肌肉的神经肌支数目差别较大,与其所支配肌肉的结构、功能有关。

Anatomical study of the muscaular branches of calf of the common peroneal nerve and its relationship with the neck of fibular

Objective To understand the relationship between the common peronealnerve and the neck of fibular,and the anatomical characteristics of muscular branches of the calf.Method Forty cases of adult leg samples were taken and dissected both with the naked eye and through magnifier to observe the relationship between common peroneal nerve and the neck of fibular,and the number and the run of the muscular branches. The most protruding point of the head of fibular was taken as the origin point to measure the length from the common peroneal nerve to it around the nect of fibular and the height of the origin and the muscle entry point of the muscular branches in order to be analyzed statistically. Results As for the length from the common peroneal nerve the neck of fibula to the most protruding point,the left side being 1.64±0.36cm and the right 1.58±0.34cm.The number of the muscularbranches was not the same.The anterior muscular branches of tibia were the mostnumerous.The short fibula muscular branches and the extensor pollicies longusbranches were less.Of all the 40 samples,the common peroneal nerves ran throughthe osteofascial tubes of the neck of fibuae. Conclusion The common peroneal nerves pass through osteofacial tubes around the neck of fibulae.It is suggested that it is one of the main causes of common peroneal nerve compression syndrome,and the numbers of different nerve muscular branches differ greatly,and they are related to the structures and functions of the musecles that they control.