Feasibility, reliability, and validity of adolescent health status measurement by the Child Health Questionnaire Child Form (CHQ-CF): internet administration compared with the standard paper version |
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Authors: | Hein Raat Resiti T Mangunkusumo Jeanne M Landgraf Gitte Kloek Johannes Brug |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;(2) HealthActCHQ, Boston, MA, USA |
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Abstract: | Aims In this study we evaluated indicators of the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Child Health Questionnaire-Child
Form (CHQ-CF). We compared the results in a subgroup of adolescents who completed the standard paper version of the CHQ-CF
with the results in another subgroup of adolescents who completed an internet version, i.e., an online, web-based CHQ-CF questionnaire.
Methods Under supervision at school, 1,071 adolescents were randomized to complete the CHQ-CF and items on chronic conditions by a
paper questionnaire or by an internet administered questionnaire.
Results The participation rate was 87%; age range 13–17 years. The internet administration resulted in fewer missing answers. All
but one multi-item scale showed internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0.70). All scales clearly discriminated
between adolescents with no, a few, or many self-reported chronic conditions. The paper administration resulted in statistically
significant, higher scores on 4 of 10 CHQ-CF scales compared with the internet administration (P < 0.05), but Cohen’s effect sizes d were ≤ 0.21. Mode of administration interacted significantly with age (P < 0.05) on four CHQ-CF scales, but Cohen’s effect sizes for these differences were also ≤ 0.21.
Conclusion This study supports the feasibility, internal consistency reliability of the scales, and construct validity of the CHQ-CF
administered by either a paper questionnaire or online questionnaire. Given Cohen’s suggested guidelines for the interpretation
of effect sizes, i.e., 0.20–0.50 indicates a small effect, differences in CHQ-CF scale scores between paper and internet administration
can be considered as negligible or small. |
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Keywords: | Health status measurement Health-related quality of life Adolescents Feasibility Reliability Validity Online questionnaire Internet questionnaire Web-based questionnaire Child Health Questionnaire Child Form 87 items (CHQ-CF87) Reference / norm scores |
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