贝伐单抗治疗高级别脑胶质瘤的研究进展

脑胶质瘤中3/4以上的患者为高级别脑胶质瘤，其恶性程度高，术后易复发，预后极差。虽然术后同步放化疗能使高级别脑胶质瘤患者生存获益，但其仅能延长有限的生存时间。近年来，肿瘤的分子靶向治疗逐渐成为研究热点。血管内皮生长因子在脑胶质瘤及其周围组织中高表达，调控着肿瘤的生长过程，是脑胶质瘤治疗的有效靶点。贝伐单抗能够特异性地阻止血管内皮生长因子与其受体结合，抑制肿瘤血管的形成；同时还能使肿瘤血管正常化，改善血管通透性，增加肿瘤组织有效药物浓度，从而达到其抗肿瘤的作用。本文就贝伐单抗的作用机制及近些年贝伐单抗单药与联合化疗或其他药物治疗高级别脑胶质瘤的研究进展进行综述。 

Research progress in bevacizumab treatment of high grade glioma

Glioma is the most frequently observed primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Among the glioma cases, more than three quarters of patients suffer from high-grade gliomas. High-grade glioma is not only a high-degree malignant tumor but is also an easily recurring disease after surgery with a very poor prognosis. Radiotherapy plus concomitant chemotherapy after operation is the standard treatment strategy for high-grade gliomas, which could increase the survival rate of patients. However, the curative effect is really not satisfactory because it could only guarantee a limited survival time. Over the recent years, molecular-targeted treatment has increasingly drawn the attention of scholars with the continuous development in glioma treatment, thereby becoming the hotspot among researchers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is highly expressed in glioma and in the tissues surrounding the cancer cells. VEGF could regulate tumor growth by inducing endothelial cell proliferation, growth, migration, and by increasing the vascular permeability. Hence, VEGF becomes an effective target for the treatment of glioma. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that can specifically prevent the combination of VEGF and its receptor, thereby inhibiting the formation of tumor blood vessels. At the same time, bevacizumab can normalize the tumor blood vessels, improve the permeability of blood vessels, and increase the effectiveness of drug concentration in the tumor tissues, thereby achieving anticancer efficacy. In this paper, the mechanism of bevacizumab is introduced. The research progress in the application of bevacizumab alone, as well as in combination with chemotherapy or other drugs, for the high-grade glioma treatment will be summarized.