肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的诊治进展

目的：探讨肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的诊治进展，方法：复习相关文献并对本病病因，临床特点，早期诊断，治疗及预后作一综述报告。结果：肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤是一种发病率很低的恶性肿瘤，发病原因可能与良性黑痔史，HIV感染，太阳光照射有关，主要症有便血，局部肿块，大便习惯改变等，早期诊断主要依赖对45－80岁的高危发病人群进行常规直肠检查，CEA多克隆抗体标记阳性在病理诊断中有一定帮助，治疗方法现存在争议，多主张在手术治疗（腹会阴联合切除或局部广泛切除）的基础上辅以化疗，放疗或免疫治疗。结论：肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤早期诊断困难，预后差，应提高警惕，最佳治疗方法还有待进一步探讨。

The Advances of Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Anorectal Melanoma

Objective To study the advance of malignant anorectal melanoma. Methods The literature in recent years about risk factors,clinical characteristic,early diagnosis,treatment and the prognosis of the anorectal melanoma were reviewed.Results Malignant anorectal melanoma was very rare.The history of pigment naevus,human immunodeficiency virus infection and sunlight exposure might be the risk factors.Clinic characteristics were rectal bleeding,anorectal mass and changing in bowel habits.Early diagnosis mainly depended on performing routine examination on patients between the ages of 45-80 years.The staining for polycolnal CEA in anorectal melanoma has a role on diagnostic pathology.The treatment is controversial and the combined treatments of chemotherapy with radiation therapy and immunotherapy which were based on surgery (abdominoperineal resection or wide local excision) are introduced.Conclusion Early diagnosis of malignant anorectal melanoma is difficult and the prognosis is poor.It is necessary to pay more attention to this disease and the most successful therapeutic approaches need to be developed.