Physalin F from Physalis minima L. triggers apoptosis-based cytotoxic mechanism in T-47D cells through the activation caspase-3- and c-myc-dependent pathways |
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Authors: | Kheng Leong Ooi Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad Shaida Fariza Sulaiman |
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Institution: | 1. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevancePhysalin F (a secosteroid derivative), is well recognized as a potent anticancer compound from Physalis minima L., a plant that is traditionally used to treat cancer. However, the exact molecular anticancer mechanism remains to be elucidated.Aim of the studyWe have recently reported the apoptosis-based cytotoxic effect of the chloroform extract of this plant. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity and possible cell death mechanism elicited by the active constituent, physalin F on human breast T-47D carcinoma.Materials and methodsCytotoxic-guided fractionation of the chloroform extract of Physalis minima has led to the isolation of physalin F. The cytotoxicity activity was assayed using MTS assay. The effect of the compound to induce apoptosis was determined by biochemical and morphological observations through DeadEnd Colorimetric and annexin V assays, respectively, and RT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of the apoptotic-associated genes.ResultsCytotoxicity screening of physalin F displayed a remarkable dose-dependant inhibitory effect on T-47D cells with lower EC50 value (3.60 μg/ml) than the crude extract. mRNA expression analysis revealed the co-regulation of c-myc- and caspase-3-apoptotic genes in the treated cells with the peak expression at 9 and 12 h of treatment, respectively. This apoptotic mechanism is reconfirmed by DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization.ConclusionThese findings indicate that physalin F may potentially act as a chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent by triggering apoptosis mechanism via the activation of caspase-3 and c-myc pathways in T-47D cells. |
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Keywords: | Physalin F Cytotoxicity c-myc Caspase-3 Apoptosis |
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