不同孕周新生儿脐血血红蛋白电泳结果分析

【摘要】目的 了解贵阳市户籍人群α-地中海贫血（α-地贫）的发生率，探讨不同孕周新生儿各种血红蛋白（Hb）相对含量的变化情况。方法 收集贵阳市户籍人群不同孕周新生儿脐血样本1 222份，采用Sebia全自动电泳仪对新生儿脐血进行血红蛋白电泳分析，根据Hb Bart’s检出率及相对含量，了解本地α-地贫的发生率及其类型。将新生儿按孕周分为5个组，比较不同孕周新生儿各种血红蛋白相对含量的差异。结果 在1 222份脐血样本中，检出Hb Bart’s阳性，即α-地贫36例，检出率为2.95%，其中标准型23例，静止型12例，中间型1例，未检出重型患儿；检出异常血红蛋白2例，均为Hb J，检出率为0.16%。新生儿脐血中Hb成分主要为Hb F，各组Hb F相对含量的均值都在75%以上。随着孕周的增加，Hb F相对含量逐渐降低，而Hb A相对含量逐渐增加。结论 贵阳市是α-地贫的高发区，不同孕周新生儿血红蛋白各成分的相对含量呈动态变化。

Analysis of the results of hemoglobin electrophoresis on cord blood samples from newborn infants with different gestational weeks

Abstract] Objective To investigate the prevalence of α-thalassemia in population of Guiyang city, and explore the relative amount of each hemoglobin(Hb) type among the newborn infants with different gestational weeks. Methods A total of 1 222 cord blood samples from newborn infants, whose parents were both Guiyang citizen, with different gestational weeks were collected. The hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed on these cord blood samples by Sebia automatic electrophoresis apparatus to explore the prevalence and types of α-thalassemia in population of Guiyang city according to the detection rate and relative amount of Hb Bart’s. The newborn infants were divided into 5 groups according to gestational weeks, and the relative amounts of each hemoglobin type were compared between 5 groups. Results Out of the 1 222 cord blood samples, 36 were detected to have Hb Bart’s with the detection rate 2.95%. Among the 36 cases with positive Hb Bart’s, 23 cases were α-thalassemia minor, 12 cases were silent α-thalassemia and 1 case was α-thalassemia intermedia. No one case was α-thalassemia major. Two cases of abnormal hemoglobin were identified, both were Hb J, and the detection rate was 0.16%. The major hemoglobin type of newborn infant was Hb F, accounting for more than 75% of the total hemoglobin. The relative amount of Hb F showed a gradually decrease while Hb A increase with increasing gestational age.Conclusion Guiyang city is a high prevalence area of α-thalassemia. The relative amount of each hemoglobin type showed a dynamic change with increasing gestational age.