妊期营养变化及孕母营养对新生儿的影响

75例正常初孕妇妊末期每日热量,营养素摄入量除Ca、Zn、VB_2低于标准,其余基本达标。孕妇Hb、TP、ALB、SF、SI、Zn,挠骨矿物质含量随妊期下降,而血清Cu,胆固醇、血过氧化脂质、泌乳素上升。新生儿除胆固醇、Cu外,其它营养素均高于生母。各指标母子间相关显著。新生儿体重与孕母健康素质密切相关。新生儿血浆中15种游离氨基酸非常显著地高于生母,血氨和必需氨基酸/总氨基酸比值也略高于生母。生母血清VA高于新生儿,母、子组中亚临床型VA缺乏占45.3％,其血清VA与Hb、SI、Zn,呈显著正相关。新生儿血清VA与出生体重,胎盘重量,呈显著正相关,新生儿与生母间血清Cu、Cu/Zn比值及头发Cu、Cu/Zn比值均显著正相关。以上结果提示:除妊期增长,孕母血中各种营养素逐渐下降,新生儿营养与生母健康素质和营养状况关系非常密切。故合理指导妊期膳食,给予必要的干预,对孕母健康及新生儿生长发育均有重要意义。

THE EFFECTS OF THE NUTRITIONL CHANGES IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND MATERNAL STATUS ON THE NEONATES

Some pregnant women have been continuously observed.as well as the effects of the nutritions and healthconditions of the mothers on their neonatorum health.growth and development in different aspects.1. The content of hemoglobin. total protein. albumin. serum ferrum. zinc and minerals of the radius of thepregnant women were decreased with the duration of pregnancy.while the content of serum copper and the totalcholester in increased.2. The total cholesterin and copper levels in the serum of neonatal umbilical cord were lower than theirmothers. while the levels of other nutrients were higher.p<0.05. Each standard between the mothers and theirbabies was singnificantly interrelated.3. The levels of 22 among 24 amino acids in the neonatal umbilical venous plasma were higher than theirmothers.4. The rate of subclinical Vitamin A deficiency in the mothers and their neomates were 27% and 45.3% re-spectively. and the level of serum Vitamin A in babies was evidently correlated with hemoglobin, ferrum andzinc.as well as the birth weight of the neonates and placentae.5. The content of serum and hair copper and copper/zinc.of the neonates were pasitive with those of theirmothers distinctly.The results suggest that it is yery important that the dietary of the pregnant women must be necessarily di-rected and intervened.