实习护生的心理压力与人格特征相关性

目的:了解实习护生的心理压力源、心身健康状况以及与人格特征的关系。方法:自编实习护生心理压力源问卷、90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),对66名临床实习护生进行问卷调查。结果:护生的压力源主要为就业形势、自身的技术水平、同学间的竞争、病人的高要求和护理职业的高风险;感受压力的强度与强精神质(EPQ-P高分)、内向(EPQ-E低分)和情绪不稳(EPQ-N高分)等人格特征有关;SCL-90因子均分前5位从高到低依次为强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、偏执和焦虑,且与护生的主要压力源呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。结论:实习护生存在来自几方面的压力,且与个体的某些个性心理特征有关,并已影响到护生的心身健康水平,须引起学校、教学医院、老师和护生本人的充分关注。

The correlation between psychological stress and personality trait in practical nurses

Objective: To understand the relationships between the resources of psychological stress, psychologocal health status and personality trait in practical nurse students. Method: A self- compiled practical nurse students' psychological stress resources questionnair, symptoms checklist (scl - 90) and Esennk personality questionnair (EPQ) were applied to investigate 66 practical nurse students. Results: The main reguirement and the high risk of nursing profesion.The stress resources of nurse students were the situation of employment, self- technical level,the competition netween classmates,the patients' high reguirement and the high risk of nursing profession,The stress intensity was related to personality traits such as p high score, E low score and N high score in EPQ. The first five factor mean scores of SCL - 90 from high to low were obsessive - compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, paranoia and anxiety, and were significantly and positively related to main stress resouces of nurse students (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Practical nurse students face pressure in several aspects. The pressure correlats with some of the presonality traits and had already affected the level of psychological health in nurse students, which should draw syfficient attention to schools, teaching hospitals, teachers and nurse students themselves.