9种市售药材中重金属含量调查

目的:调查9种市售药材中重金属含量,为建立药材中重金属专用检测方法提供参考。方法:利用原子吸收分光光度计和原子荧光光谱仪测定36批次药材中铜、镉、汞、铅的含量,比较不同市场药材中重金属含量差异。结果:各药材中铜含量排序为金银花青蒿、木通、丹参、白芥子、栀子厚朴天麻茯苓;镉排序为金银花、青蒿、白芥子、栀子木通、厚朴天麻丹参、茯苓;汞排序为金银花栀子青蒿厚朴白芥子、天麻、茯苓、丹参、木通;铅排序为厚朴白芥子、栀子、金银花、青蒿、木通天麻、丹参茯苓。在36批药材中,铜元素全部合格;1批金银花药材中汞元素超标,超标率25%;3批药材中铅元素超标,厚朴、白芥子中铅元素超标率分别为50%和25%;镉元素有7批药材均超标,青蒿、金银花超标率75%,栀子25%。不同市场购买的药材中重金属含量差异并不显著。结论:调查的4种重金属元素中镉元素污染较严重,应加强重视。金银花在9种药材中重金属污染最严重,可作为后续重金属相关研究的首要研究对象。

Investigation of Heavy Metals Content in Nine Kinds of Commercial Traditional Chinese Medicines

Objective: To research the content of heavy metals in nine kinds of traditional Chinese medicines from four professional markets, which provided a reference for establishment of special detection method for heavy metals in medicinal herbs. Method: Contents of heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb) in 36 batches of 9 herbs were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and atomic fluorescence spectrometer in orde to compare content differences of heavy metals from different markets. Result: The content of Cu was in order of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos > Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Akebiae Caulis, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Sinapis Semen, Gardeniae Fructus > Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex > Gastrodiae Rhizoma > Poria.Cd was in the order of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Sinapis Semen, Gardeniae Fructus > Akebiae Caulis, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex > Gastrodiae Rhizoma > Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria.Hg was in the order of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos > Gardeniae Fructus > Artemisiae Annuae Herba > Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex > Sinapis Semen, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Poria, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Akebiae Caulis.Pb was in order of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex > Sinapis Semen, Gardeniae Fructus, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Akebiae Caulis > Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma > Poria.In 36 batches of medicinal herbs, the content of Cu was qualified.Hg exceeded in one batche of herb, the average content of Hg was the highest in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, over standard rate was 25%.Pb exceeded in three batches of herbs, over standard rates of Pb in the Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and Sinapis Semen were 50% and 25%, respectively.Cd exceeded in seven batches of herbs, over standard rates of Cd in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Artemisiae Annuae Herba were all 75%, in Gardeniae Fructus it was 25%.But difference of heavy metals content in medicinal herbs bought from different market was not significant. Conclusion: In this investigation of four kinds of heavy metal elements, Cd pollution is most serious.Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is the most polluted medicinal herbs in 9 samples, which will be the primary object in the future research.