人间布鲁杆菌病疫情下降原因的流行病学调查

目的探讨人间布鲁杆菌病(以下简称布病)疫情下降原因,为制定防控措施积累科学依据。方法选择人间布病疫情严重且2010年病例数较2009年大幅度下降的市、县、村作为调查点,收集并调查居民畜牧养殖、畜间疫情、人间布病疫情、防疫措施的变化情况,分析人间布病疫情下降原因。结果 2010年人间布病疫情下降与畜牧存栏量减少、户养殖率下降、养殖人口率下降、畜间布病疫情下降和畜疫户率降低等因素有关。畜牧存栏量大幅度减少的原因是2009年11月实施了严厉的禁牧政策,养殖成本增加,居民弃养或减少了家畜存栏数;由于禁牧导致圈养增多,减少了羊群间布病传播的机会,畜间布病疫情减轻。还发现羊是当地布病的主要传染源。当地居民畜牧养殖行为习惯和健康行为形成不是影响2010年人间布病疫情下降的因素。结论当地人间布病疫情下降主要原因是当地政府禁牧导致了羊存栏量减少,羊群布病疫情减轻所致。

Epidemiological investigation on causes of the decline in the epidemic situation of human brucellosis

Objectives To explore the causes of the decline of human brucellosis and provide scientific evidence to develop the measures for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods Survey areas were selected,in which the epidemic situation of human brucellosis was serious and the epidemic situation was significantly declined in 2010 compared with 2009.Materials of resident livestock,livestock brucellosis,human brucellosis and preventive measure changed from 2009 to 2010 were collected and investigated in the villages and the counties.The causes of the decline in human brucellosis were analyzed.Results The decline in human brucellosis in 2010 was related with the decline in livestock breeding stock,farming households rate,population of farming,livestock brucellosis and the number of households with livestock brucellosis.Conclusion The decline in sheep breeding stock and the decrease in sheep brucellosis which were caused by graze-prohibiting,it is the major factor of influencing the reduction in human brucellosis.