2001～2010年广州市鼠疫宿主动物及其媒介种类的监测及评价

目的分析广州市鼠疫宿主动物及其媒介的种群构成及数量分布情况,为制定鼠疫防控策略提供依据。方法采用夜笼法。在广州市12区、县级市设置监测点,对捕获鼠类及捡获蚤类进行鉴定,计算鼠密度;计算鼠带(染)蚤率和蚤指数;用鼠疫IHA法检测鼠疫F1抗体。结果 10年间共捕获鼠形动物8 891只,分属2目2科4属9种。其中啮齿目动物8 285只,食虫目动物606只,总鼠密度(捕获率)为11.25%;在1 185只鼠形动物中发现染蚤鼠243只,捡获蚤811只。发现蚤类4种,主要蚤种为印鼠客蚤;平均鼠染蚤率为20.51%,总蚤指数为0.68;未查出鼠疫F1抗体。结论未发现鼠间鼠疫流行迹象。褐家鼠仍是广州市主要鼠种。主要蚤种是印鼠客蚤。

An analysis and monitoring of plague host animails and species of its vectors in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010

Objectives In this study,the constitution,distribution and population densities of plague host animails and vectors in Guangzhou were analyzed.Such information can be used to formulate policies and plans for the prevention and control of plague.Methods Rodents were captured by cages which were placed in the evening at different locations in the 12 districts,counties of Guangzhou.The rodents which had been captured and the fleas living on the rodents’ body were studied.Then the population densities of rodents,percentage of rodents carrying fleas,and flea index were calculated.Plague F1 antibody was tested by IHA.Results A total of 8891 rodents,which belonged to 2 orders(including 8 285 Rodentia and 606 Insectivora),2 families,4 genera and 9 species,were captured in 10 years time.The total density of rodents(the rate of the captured) was 11.29%.243 out of 1185 rodents were found to have fleas.The 811 fleas collected belonged to 4 species,mainly Xenopsylla cheopis.The percentage of rodents carrying fleas was 20.51%,and the total flea index was 0.68.Plague F1 antibody was negative.Conclusions There was no evidence of plague exposure in rodents in Guangzhou.The major rodent species in Guangzhou was Rattus norvegicus,and the major flea species was Xenopsylla cheopis.