高龄心血管疾病患者营养不良评估及护理干预效果研究

目的评估高龄心血管疾病患者营养不良状况及护理干预效果。方法应用简易营养评价精法量表对高龄心血管疾病患者进行营养状况评估,对确定有营养不良和潜在营养不良患者,住院期间进行护理干预和营养支持。干预方法包括成立营养支持小组、制订营养计划、个体化营养支持、心理护理干预、健康教育等。比较干预前后患者简易营养评价精法量表得分,以及相关血生化和血常规变化。结果高龄心血管疾病住院患者的营养不良发生率为15.49%。干预前后患者简易营养评价精法得分提高(P0.01),血生化和血常规部分指标明显改善(P0.01或P0.05)。结论高龄心血管疾病住院患者的营养不良发生率较高,通过护理干预和营养支持能降低患者的营养不良风险,改善患者的营养状况。

Effect of nutritional evaluation and nursing intervention in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease

Objective To screen the nutritional status of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease,and evaluate the effect of nursing intervention in patients with malnutrition.Methods The nutritional status was evaluated by the simple nutritional assessment scale,nursing intervention and nutritional support were used for patients with malnutrition and potential malnutrition,including setting up nutritional support groups,developing nutritional programs,individualized nutritional support,psychological care and health education.Compared the simple nutritional assessment score before and after intervention,and related blood biochemistry and blood routine change.Results The incidence of malnutrition in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease was 15.49％.The simple nutritional assessment scores were higher after the intervention than before (P ＜ 0.01),and the blood biochemistry and blood routine index improved significantly (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Elderly patients with cardiovascular disease has higher incidence of malnutrition,the nursing intervention and nutritional support can reduce the risk of malnutrition,improve the nutritional status of patients.