栽培灵芝生长周期内物质的变化规律及其机制研究

目的 研究灵芝生长周期内不同部位基质中物质量的变化规律，并通过基质中胞外酶活性变化规律初步探究基质中物质量变化的机制。方法 采用熟料袋式栽培灵芝，将灵芝的生长期分为8个阶段，并把基质4等分，研究不同部位基质中总糖、还原糖、水溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸量的变化规律；并通过各部位基质中木质素酶系（漆酶和锰过氧化物酶）、纤维素酶系（羧甲基纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和滤纸酶）和酸性蛋白酶活性变化规律探究不同部位基质中物质量变化的机制。结果 在灵芝的生长周期内，不同部位基质中总糖量呈下降趋势；还原糖量在出原基之前呈升高趋势，出原基之后降低；不同部位基质中水溶性蛋白质总体上呈升高趋势；基质中氨基酸量在菌丝满袋之前一直降低，菌丝满袋之后到菌蕾期其量升高，并在菌蕾期达到峰值，随后其量又呈下降趋势；不同部位基质中漆酶活性变化规律呈U字形，其活性在原基时期最低，锰过氧化物酶活性在营养生长期缓慢升高，菌丝满袋之后其活性下降；不同部位基质中纤维素酶系酶活性和酸性蛋白酶活性总体上呈升高趋势。结论 在灵芝生长周期内，各部位基质中物质量随着灵芝的生长发育呈现不同的变化规律；基质中灵芝胞外酶活性能够影响物质的量，即基质中的灵芝胞外酶活性与物质量具有一定的相关性。

Variation of substance content during growth cycle of cultured Ganoderma lucidum and its mechanism

Objective To study the variation of the substance content in the different fractions of matrix during the growth cycle of Ganoderma lucidum, and to explore the mechanisms by investigating the change regulation of extracellular enzyme activity in the matrix of G. lucidum. Methods G. lucidum was adopted by bag cultivation with sterilized raw materials, the growth period was divided into eight stages, and the matrix was splided in four equal portions. The variation of the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, water-soluble protein, and free amino acids in different fractions of the matrix was studied, and the variation of activities of lignin enzymes (laccase and manganese peroxidase), cellulase (carboxymethyl cellulase, hemicellulase, and filter paper enzyme), and acidic protease at different fractions of the matrix were studied in order to elucidate the mechanisms. Results During the growth period of G. lucidum, the content of total sugar at different fractions of the matrix decreased, and the content of reducing sugar increased before the growth of primordium, then decreased after the growth of primordium. The contents of water-soluble proteins showed increasing tendency at different fractions of the matrix, and the content of amino acid decreased before sackful of mycelium, but increased during the stage of bud and reached the peak, then decreased again. The variation of laccase activity showed the shape of U, and the lowest activity was appeared in the primordium period. The activity of manganese peroxidase was slowly increased during vegetative growth period, and decreased after sackful of mycelium. The activities of cellulase enzyme and acid protease were totally increased. Conclusion In the growth cycle of G. lucidum, the substance contents in different fractions of matrix present different change tendency with the growth and development of G. lucidum; The extracellular enzyme activity of G. lucidum could affect the content of substance in the matrix, and there is a certain correlation between the activity of extracellular enzyme and material content in matrix of G. lucidum.