乙型及丙型肝炎病毒的母婴传播

目的：用分子生物学方法研究乙型、丙型肝炎病毒在母婴之间的垂直传播和胎儿的先天性感染。方法：选择ＨＢＶＸ基因和多聚酶基因之间的片断为扩增靶序列，设计了３只引物进行套式扩增；ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ５’端保守的非翻译区，设计３只引物进行一步法扩增。结果：乙型肝炎表明抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）携带者孕妇血清中的ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的阳性率为２０．３５％，乳汗中的阳性率为１０．８８％，脐血、羊水、胎盘中的平均阳性率为１２．３９％，其中４例合并ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性。结论：乙肝、丙肝病毒的母婴传播和胎儿的先天性感染是造成人群中肝炎病毒携带者比率居高不下的原因之一，预防肝炎病毒在宫内感染、阻断肝炎病毒垂直传播是医学界的一个世界性的难题。

The proparation of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus between puerpers and their infants

Objective:The vertical propagation of HBV,HCV between puerpers and their infants and the congenital infection of infants were investigated by molecular biology methods.Methods:The DNA sequence which lie in between X and P gene of HBV genome was selected as target sequence ,three primers were designed to amplify this fragment in nested-PCR;One-step RNA polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA using three primers from the highly conserved 5'untranslated region of the hepatitis C virus genome.Results:Among pregnant women who have HBsAg in their serums ,HBV-DNA positive ratio in serums in 20.35%;in milk is 10.88%;the average of positive ratio in cord blood,amniotic fluid and placenta is 12.39%,four of them is complicated with HCV-RNA positive .Conclusion:That fetus are infected by HBV or HCV from their mothers and intrauterine infction is one of important causes which keep the much higher ratio of hepatitis virus carrier in the population,to prevent intrauterine infection of hepatitis virus and blocek off vertical propagation of hepatitis virus from mothers to their babies is a medical problem in the world.