直肠类癌的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨直肠类癌的诊断与治疗.方法 回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2009年12月收治直肠类癌16例临床资料,并复习近年有关文献.结果 下腹痛11例（68.8%）,大便带血和次数增多各3例（各占18.8%）,全部经肠镜检查发现肿块大小平均为8.8mm,其中≤10 mm占81.3%,距肛门平均6.8 cm,其中≤8cm占87.5%,术前诊断直肠类癌仅25%,多数诊断为其他病,术后病理检查诊断为直肠类癌,14例实施直肠癌根治术,2例用肠镜行局部摘除术,无手术死亡,术后5年生存率为69.2%.结论 直肠类癌术前诊断困难,误诊率高,常规行肛门指诊和肠镜加病理学检查是提高诊断率的关键,手术切除仍为直肠类癌的首选治疗.

Diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid. Methods Clinical data of 16 patients of rectal carcinoids in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Related literatures were reviewed. Results Among the patients included, 11 cases(68.8%)suffered from hypogastralgia, 3 cases(18.8%)bloody stool, 3 cases(18.8%)defecation number increase. All the patients underwent enteroscopy. The average size in diameter of all the tumors was 8.8 mm. 81.3% of the tumors ≤10 mm in diameter. The average distance from tumor to anus was 6.8 cm and 87.5% of the tumors ≤8 cm in distance, Only 25% of all the cases were diagnosed preoperatively, most cases were diagnosed as other diseases and definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathology. 14 cases underwent operation as radical resection of rectal carcinoma, and 2 cases endoscopic removal. There was no operative death and postoperative five-year survival rate is 69.2%. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis rectal carcinoid is difficult.Misdiagnosis rate is high. The key point of improving diagnosis of this disease is annal digital examination. Enteroscopy and pathology, operation is the first choice to treat rectal carcinoid.