Facilitation of early percutaneous coronary intervention after reteplase with or without abciximab in acute myocardial infarction: results from the SPEED (GUSTO-4 Pilot) Trial.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the utility of early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a trial that encouraged its use after thrombolysis and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition for acute myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND: Early PCI has shown no benefit when performed early after thrombolysis alone. METHODS: We studied 323 patients (61%) who underwent PCI with planned initial angiography, at a median 63 min after reperfusion therapy began. A blinded core laboratory reviewed cineangiograms. Ischemic events, bleeding, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes were compared between early PCI and no-PCI patients (n = 162), between patients with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0 or 1 before PCI versus flow grade 2 or 3, and among three treatment regimens. RESULTS: Early PCI patients showed a procedural success (<50% residual stenosis and TIMI flow grade 3) rate of 88% and a 30-day composite incidence of death, reinfarction, or urgent revascularization of 5.6%. These patients had fewer ischemic events and bleeding complications (15%) than did patients not undergoing early PCI (30%, p = 0.001). Early PCI was used more often in patients with initial TIMI flow grade 0 or 1 versus flow grade 2 or 3 (83% vs. 60%, p < 0.0001). Patients receiving abciximab with reduced-dose reteplase (5 U double bolus) showed an 86% incidence of TIMI grade 3 flow at approximately 90 min and a trend toward improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, early PCI facilitated by a combination of abciximab and reduced-dose reteplase was safe and effective. This approach has several advantages for acute MI patients, which should be confirmed in a dedicated, randomized trial.