2008年全国重点抽样碘盐监测数据分析

目的 分析2008年全国开展重点抽样监测地区碘盐覆盖情况.方法 按照2007年卫生部颁布的<全国碘缺乏病监测方案(试行)>,将被抽到的每个重点县(市、区、旗)的辖区划分为5个片区,每个片区重点抽取1个非高碘乡(镇、街道办事处),每个乡(镇、街道办事处)重点抽取4个非高碘行政村(居委会),每个行政村(居委会)抽检15户居民盐样.碘盐检测采用半定量试剂盒,对于不能确定的盐样采用直接滴定法及仲裁法(CB/T13025.7-1999)检测.碘盐判定标准:半定量检测试剂显色或含碘量≥5 mg/kg的盐样;非碘盐判定标准:半定量检测试剂不显色或含碘量＜5 mg/kg的盐样.结果 全国除西藏以外的30.个省(区、市)开展了重点抽样碘盐监测,全国碘盐覆盖率为93.01%(130 928/140 770).20个省(区、市)和新疆生产建设兵团的碘盐覆盖率≥90%;北京、新疆、浙江、福建、天津和江西6个省(区、市)的碘盐覆盖率在80%～＜90%;广西、青海、广东和海南4个省(区)的碘盐覆盖率＜80%.在县级水平,共有429个县参与重点抽样监测,其中64.57%(277/429)的县碘盐覆盖率≥95%,10.02%(43/429)的县碘盐覆盖率＜80%.碘盐供销网络不健全地区和原盐产区的碘盐覆盖率＜90%,分别为81.74%(4978/6090)和86.53%(17 098/19 759).原盐产区碘盐覆盖率＜90%的省(区、市)有10个,占同类地区监测省份的47.6%(10/21);碘盐供销网络不健全地区碘盐覆盖率＜90%的省(区、市)有8个,占同类地区监测省份的50.0%(8/16).结论 我国大部分省份(21个)在开展重点抽样监测地区居民户碘盐覆盖水平较高.碘盐供销网络不健全地区和原盐产区是我国非碘盐冲销比较严重的两类地区.各省应对重点抽样碘盐监测中暴露出的问题地区联合相关部门采取针对措施.

Monitoring data analysis of iodized salt of national key sample in China in 2008

Objective To understand the current level of iodized salt coverage in areas with intensified monitoring measure in China in 2008. Methods In accordance with the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program (Trial)" of Ministry of Health issued in 2007, the selected key counties (cities, districts and banner) were divided into 5 sub-areas, 1 non-iodine townships(towns, street offices) was sampled randomly in each sub-area, 4 administrative villages (neighborhood committees) were sampled from each selected township;15households salt samples in each selected village were randomly collected. All salt samples were detected by semiquantitative kit at first. The salt samples that can not be determined by the kit were tested by direct titration and the arbitration act (GB/T 13025.7-1999) detection. Iodized salt determination criteria: reagent color change in semiquantitative test kit or iodine content ≥ 5 mg/kg were identified as iodized salt. Otherwise, the salt samples were identified as non-iodized salt. Results All the provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) except Tibet in China had conducted a specific survey on iodized salt coverage in non-iodized salt high-risk areas, which revealed that the national coverage rate of iodized salt was 93.01%(130 928/140 770). At the provincial level, twenty provinces and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp had a iodized salt coverage over 90%, while the other six provinces (Beijing, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Fujian, Tianjin and Jiangxi) between 80% - ＜ 90% and the rest four provinces,such as Guangxi, Qinghai, Guangdong and Hainan, lower than 80%. At the county level, 64.57%(277/429) of all the surveillance counties had a iodized salt coverage over 95% while 10.02%(43/429) lower than 80%. Among all the six types of areas where specific survey were conducted, areas with incomplete iodized salt distribution network and areas with crude salt production had a iodized salt coverage lower than 90%, 81.74%(4978/6090) and 86.53%(17 098/19 759), respectively. In raw salt production area, there were 10 out of 21 provinces with iodized salt coverage rate below 90%, it consisted of 47.6%(10/21) of the total monitoring provinces in the same type areas.There were 8 out of 16 provinces with iodized salt coverage rate lower than 90% in the areas with faultiness iodized salt network, it consisted of 50.0%(8/16) of the sampling provinces in the same type area. Conclusions Most provinces(21) in China have a relatively high iodized salt coverage at household level during this specific survey.Areas with incomplete iodized salt distribution network and crude salt production are the most affected areas by noniodized salt. Aiming at the high-risk non-iodized salt areas discovered during this survey, corresponding intervention measures should be implemented with joint efforts from sectors concerned.