壮族中小学生心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的了解壮族学生心理健康状况及其影响因素,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自行设计的中小学生一般情况调查表,对广西壮族中小学生814人进行调查。结果壮族学生心理问题的检出率为9.18%,随着学习阶段的升高,出现症状的项目数越多、程度也越重;壮族男女生间的差别主要表现在高中阶段,女生的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子得分显著高于男生(P<0.01或P<0.05)。影响壮族学生心理健康的主要因素是年龄、学习压力、成长是否顺利、睡眠情况、性别、人际关系、是否适应环境、是否有朋友、母亲教育方式和爱好情况。结论壮族中小学生心理健康状况不容乐观。应针对不同阶段学生的身心特点和影响心理健康的因素采取综合性措施,以提高壮族学生的心理健康水平。

Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors Among Primary and Secondary School Students of Zhuang Nationality

Objective To understand mental health status and the influencing factors of Zhuang nationality students and to provide scientific bases for intervention measures.Methods SCL-90 and a self-designed questionnaire were used to survey 814 students of Zhuang nationality.Results The incidence of mental problem in Zhuang nationality students was 9.18%.The amount and serious degree of positive items were increasing with grades.The factor scores for female were higher than male in somatization,obsessive-compulsory,depression,anxiety,phobic and psychotism(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The influencing factors to mental health of Zhuang nationality students were ages,learning press,bring-up favoringly,sleeping status,genders,personal relationship,adapting circumstance,possessing friends or not,maternal rearing patterns and hobbies.Conclusion The Zhuang nationality students' mental health status is not sound.To increase mental health level,synthetic measures should be carried out to improve their mental health according to their mental characters and influencing factors of different learning phases.