婴幼儿气质的发展特点研究

目的:追踪研究婴幼儿的气质发展特点。方法:采用Rothbart等编制的气质问卷,以410名婴幼儿为对象,由母亲报告6、14个月婴幼儿的气质特征,研究6～14个月期间婴幼儿气质的发展特点。结果:6个月时,男孩的微笑和大笑显著多于女孩,恐惧显著少于女孩;14个月时,男孩的受限后沮丧显著多于女孩。在6～14个月期间,婴幼儿的活动性水平、微笑和大笑显著减少;受限后沮丧和恐惧则显著增多。6个月的气质与14个月的气质显著正相关,相关系数在0.35～0.40之间。结论:婴幼儿气质的性别差异随发展阶段而异。在6～14个月期间,气质各维度的绝对水平呈现不同的发展模式,婴幼儿气质呈现中等程度的相对稳定性。

Developmental characteristic of infant and toddler temperament

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the developmental characteristics of children temperament during infant period and the beginning of toddler period.Methods: 410 infants aged at 6 months and toddlers aged at 14 months were recruited.Their temperament was reported by their mothers with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire at each time point.Results: Boys at 6 months showed higher scores in smiling and laughter and lower scores in fear than girls,and boys at 14 months showed higher scores in distress to limitations than girls.From 6 to 14 months,activity level,smiling and laughter were decreased while fear and distress to limitations were increased.The infants’ temperament showed significantly positive correlation with the toddlers’ temperament and the correlation coefficients ranged 0.35-0.40.Conclusion: The gender difference in temperament varied with infants’ developmental stage.When infants grew from 6 to 14 months,the temperament showed moderate stability.