预制破片致兔胸部爆炸伤的实验研究

目的：研究预制破片铝制雷管致兔胸部爆炸伤的伤情特点及规律，为制定胸部爆炸伤的救治原则提供实验依据。方法：用电启动方式引爆预制破片铝制雷管，将32只家兔置于距雷管5，8，10，12，15cm处，致伤前后常规观察生命体征及破片，冲击波对胸壁，肺脏和周围组织脏器的损伤情况，结果：伤后即刻死亡率为46．9％，各组死亡率有明显差异，冲击波主要靶器官为肺脏，破片伤发生率为62．5％，以盲管伤为主，常合并肋骨折及肋间血管损伤，心肌挫伤，肝脾，胃肠破裂。结论：胸部爆炸伤伤情复杂，死亡率高，伤后易致以肺功能衰竭（ARDS）为主的多脏器功能衰竭，破片伤致失血性休克和冲击伤致急性肺功能损伤是伤后早期死亡的主要原因。

Experimental study of chest prefabricated fragment explosive injury in rabbits

Objective To study the characteristics of chest prefabricated fragment explosive injury in rabbits,and provide the experimental basis for the establishment of the principle of treating chest explosive injury.Methods 32 rabbits were located 5,8,10,12,15 cm away from the explosive center and the prefabricated fragment detonators were electrically exploded.The vital signs were recorded before and after injury,the injury to chest wall,lung and surrounding organs were observed from fragment and blast wave.Results The immediate mortality was 46.9%,the difference among the mortalities of 5 groups was significant.The major target organ of blast wave was lung.62 5% of the rabbits suffered from fragment injury.Most of the fragment injury were blind wound.The major associated injuries were rib fracture and intercostal vessel rupture,myocardial contusion,splenic-hepatic rupture and gastric-enteric rupture.Conclusions The characteristics of chest explosive injury was complex and serious.The mortality was high.It could lead to the multiple organ failure,ARDS is of primary importance.The major cause of the early death after injury was the hemorrhagic shock and the acute lung injury,caused by fragment injury and blast injury respectively.