Childhood Bullying Behaviors as a Risk for Suicide Attempts and Completed Suicides: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study |
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| Authors: | Anat Brunstein Klomek Andre Sourander Solja Niemelä Kirsti Kumpulainen Jorma Piha Tuula Tamminen Fredrik Almqvist Madelyn S. Gould |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Feinberg Child Study Centre, Schneider Children''s Medical Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;2. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Edmond and Lily Safra Children''s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;3. Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel;4. National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;5. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York;6. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York;7. Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy;8. National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy;9. Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital, Budapest, Hungary;10. Institute of Psychology Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary;11. Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;12. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain;13. Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;14. Research Division for Mental Health, University for Medical Information Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria;15. Addiction help services B.I.N., Innsbruck, Austria;p. National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland;q. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Nancy, Universite de Lorraine, Nancy, France;r. Slovene Center for Suicide Research, UP IAM, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia;s. Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute (ERSI), Tallinn, Estonia;t. School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia;u. School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia;1. McGill University, Montreal and the McGill Group for Suicide Studies at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal;2. Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at University of Montreal;3. Laval University, Quebec, the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at Laval University, and the Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development at the Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation;4. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King''s College London;5. University of Montreal, the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at the University of Montreal, and the Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal;6. University of Quebec in Montreal, the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at the University of Montreal, and the Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre;7. McGill University, and with the McGill Group for Suicide Studies and the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute;8. University of Montreal, the University College Dublin, and the Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development at the Tomsk State University;9. University of Montreal, the Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development at the Tomsk State University, the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at the University of Montreal, and the Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre;1. School of Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, ML3 0JB, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK;3. Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK;1. Interdisciplinary Centre (IDC), Herzliya, Israel;2. Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;3. Faculty of Law, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;4. Turku Unviersity Hospital, Turku, Finland |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThere are no previous studies about the association of childhood bullying behavior with later suicide attempts and completed suicides among both sexes. The aim was to study associations between childhood bullying behaviors at age 8 years and suicide attempts and completed suicides up to age 25 years in a large representative population-based birth cohort.MethodThe sample includes 5,302 Finnish children born in 1981. Information about bullying was gathered at age 8 years from self-report, as well as parent and teacher reports. Information about suicide attempts requiring hospital admission and completed suicides was gathered from three different Finnish registries until the study participants were 25 years old. Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether children who experience childhood bullying behaviors are at risk for later suicide attempts and completed suicides after controlling for baseline conduct and depression symptoms.ResultsThe association between bullying behavior at age 8 years and later suicide attempts and completed suicides varies by sex. Among boys, frequent bullying and victimization are associated with later suicide attempts and completed suicides but not after controlling for conduct and depression symptoms; frequent victimization among girls is associated with later suicide attempts and completed suicides, even after controlling for conduct and depression symptoms.ConclusionsWhen examining childhood bullying behavior as a risk factor for later suicide attempts and completed suicides, each sex has a different risk profile. |
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