上海外高桥社区中老年人群体适能现状及其与衰弱表型的关联分析

目的了解外高桥社区中老年人群体适能及衰弱现状，并分析二者关联性，为制定有针对性的运动方案提供参考，以促进衰弱的早发现、早预防。方法采用方便抽样法，连续纳入上海市某社区278例中老年人作为研究对象，一般资料调查表包含中老年人的一般人口学资料、疾病史、血压、血糖等。体适能指标由研究团队成员现场测评所得。采用FRAIL量表评估衰弱状况。运用有序多分类Logistic回归模型及多重对应分析法识别老年人体适能指标与衰弱的关联性。结果12.23%的中老年人处于衰弱期、52.16%的中老年人处于衰弱前期、35.61%的中老年人处于无衰弱状态。单因素分析结果显示，计时-起立-行走测试(timed up & go test, TUG)、握力测试、抓背测试等体适能指标均具有组间差异(P<0.05)。回归分析结果显示，高血压及TUG测试为衰弱的危险因素，比值比(odds ratio, OR)分别为2.44和1.27；握力测试(OR=0.94)、抓背测试(OR=0.97)及30s坐起测试(OR=0.93)为衰弱的保护因素。结论调查区内中老年人群衰弱前期的患病率较高，部分体适能指标与衰弱有显著关联。临床中可依据中老年人群体适能水平，制定个性化运动方案。在开展多结构运动训练中，需更侧重于中老年人群上肢肌肉力量、上肢柔韧性、移动敏捷性及下肢肌肉力量的锻炼。

Correlation between physical fitness and frailty in middle-aged and elderly community-dwellers in Shanghai

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of physical fitness with frailty among middle-aged and elderly community-dwellers in Shanghai. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 278 middle-aged and elderly people in Shanghai Waigaoqiao community were enrolled. The questionnaire included demographic data, disease history, blood pressure and blood glucose levels. The physical fitness was evaluated on the spot. The ordered multi-category Logistic regression model and multiple correspondence analysis were applied to identify the relationship between the physical fitness indicators and frailty. ResultsThe study showed that 12.23% of the middle-aged and elderly subjects were frail, 52.16% were pre-frailty, and 35.61% were non-frail. The univariate analysis showed that timed up & go(TUG) test, handgrip strength, the back scratch test had inter-group difference(P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that hypertension and TUG test score were risk factors for frailty(OR=2.44 and 1.27, respectively); scores of handgrip strength(OR=0.94), back scratch test(OR=0.97) and 30s chair stand test(OR=0.93) were protective factors for frailty. ConclusionThe prevalence of pre-frailty in the middle-aged and elderly people is relatively high in this Shanghai community, and some physical fitness indicators are significantly associated with frailty. The study indicates that in multi-structured exercise training, more emphasis should be placed on upper limb muscle strength, upper limb flexibility, mobility agility and lower limb muscle strength for middle-aged and older adults.