不同海拔环境对军人认知能力和军事操作的影响

目的比较驻守不同海拔地区士兵的认知能力及军事操作的变化,为提高军事训练水平提供心理保障。方法分别对长时间驻守海拔3 700 m的108名士兵和驻守海拔1 700 m的100名士兵进行认知功能测试。采用选择反应时间、数字广度、数字符号、视觉记忆、目标追踪5项测验,并收集被试的射击成绩。结果高海拔组被试的选择反应时间较中海拔组延长(t=4.80～7.69,P<0.01);数字符号、目标追踪2项测验的成绩则高海拔组较中海拔组降低(t=4.11和4.61,P<0.01);数字广度成绩两组间比较也有统计学意义(z=5.53,P<0.01);视觉记忆成绩则两组间比较无统计学差异(z=0.57,P>0.05);射击成绩则高海拔组低于中海拔组(t=2.49,P<0.05)。结论长时间居留高海拔环境的军人心理知觉和心理运动能力有所下降,同时军事操作能力也有影响。

Effect of different altitude on cognition and military operation in soldiers

Objective To investigate the cognitive ability and the military training of soldiers at different altitudes.Methods Choice reaction time,digit span,digit symbol,Benton visual retention and pursuit aiming were tested on 108 soldiers at high altitude(3,700 meters) and 100 soldiers at middle altitude(1,700 meters).Their shooting scores were recorded.Results The choice reaction time of high altitude group was significantly longer than that of middle altitude group(t=4.80-7.69,P<0.01).The scores of digit symbol and pursuit aiming of the high altitude group were lower than that of the middle altitude group(t=4.11,4.61,P<0.01),the score of digit span of the high altitude group was lower than that of the middle altitude group(z=5.53,P<0.01),and the result of Benton visual retention test was of no significant difference between the high altitude group and middle altitude group(z=0.57,P>0.05).The scores of shooting was significantly different between the high altitude group and the middle altitude group(t=2.49,P<0.05).Conclusion There exists influence on perception and psychomotor of soldiers at high altitude,and their military operation ability descends.