动脉粥样硬化与免疫

动脉粥样硬化是一种脂质驱动的慢性炎症性疾病,表现为富含载脂蛋白B的脂蛋白、免疫细胞以及细胞外基质在动脉内皮下积聚形成粥样斑块。修饰后的脂蛋白获得损伤相关分子模式特征,首先触发以单核-巨噬细胞为主的固有免疫反应,其次是获得性免疫反应。这些炎症反应通常是慢性的且无法消除,并可能导致动脉损伤以及血栓诱发的器官梗死。本文主要综述免疫系统在动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中的作用以及目前动脉粥样硬化的主要免疫防治策略。

Atherosclerosis and immunity

Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of apolipoprotein B-rich lipoproteins, immune cells, and extracellular matrix under the arterial endothelium to form atherosclerotic plaques. The modified lipoproteins acquire damage-related molecular patterning characteristics, first triggering an innate immune response dominated by monocytes-macrophages, followed by an adaptive immune response. These inflammatory responses are often chronic and irreversible, and can lead to arterial damage and thrombus-induced organ infarction. This article mainly reviews the role of the immune system in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and the current main immune prevention strategies for atherosclerosis.