泉州市1979-2008年流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征分析

目的分析泉州市1979-2008年流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）流行特征,为进一步了解泉州市流脑流行情况、有效控制流脑提供科学依据。方法对泉州市1979-2008年的流脑疫情资料进行分析。结果泉州市1979-2008年报告流脑8318例,年平均发病率为4.71/10万,死亡245人,年平均死亡率0.14/10万,病死率为2.95%。有明显的冬春季发病高峰,1～4月病例数占总病例数的84.44%。农村的发病率明显高于城区,农村、城市平均发病率分别为6.01/10万、3.33/10万。年龄组发病率居前3位的是0～岁、5～岁、15～岁,分别占发病数的28.24%、18.56%、13.40%。学生发病最多占36.21%,其次为散居儿童占33.06%,第三为农民占16.94%。流行菌群以A群为主,B、C群病例呈散在发生。结论1982年起实施流脑疫苗接种后,流脑发病率及死亡率大幅度下降,提示加强疫情监测,加大健康教育宣传力度,提高流脑疫苗的接种率,推广接种A＋C流脑疫苗,对预防和控制流脑的发生具有重要的意义。

Epidemiological Analysis for Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis in Quanzhou City during 1979 to 2008

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the incidence and epidemic trends of epidemic cerebrospina meningitis in Quanzhou city in 1979-2008 and to provide the scientific references for consolidating the achievements and improving the prevention and controlling work of epidemic cerebrospina meningitis.Methods The epidemic trends of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Quanzhou during 1979-2008 were analyzed.Results From 1979 to 2008,8 318 cases,including 245 deaths,were reported in Quanzhou city.The annual incidence was 4.71 /100 000 and the case fatality was 2.95%.Most of the cases occurred in winter and spring,which accounted for 84.44% from January to April.The incidence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas,the annual incidence was 6.01/100 000 in rural areas and 3.33 /100 000 in urban areas.The three age groups of the highest incidence were 0～years（28.24%）,5～years（18.56%）,and 15～years（13.40%）.Most of the patients were students which accounted for 36.21%,the diaspora children which accounted for 33.06%,the farmers which accounted for 16.94%.The occurrence of Nm A was the main prevalence fungus,while cases of Nm B and Nm C were sporadic.Conclusion The morbidity and mortality of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis significantly decreased after vaccination of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in 1982.It showed an important implication of prevention and control of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis by paying attention to the vaccination of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and health education.