江门市某区淡水鱼肝吸虫感染与环境卫生情况调查

目的了解江门市某区淡水鱼养殖场的淡水鱼肝吸虫感染和环境卫生情况,为制定防控策略提供参考。方法在江门市某区选取5个镇的6个行政村开展调查,制定统一的调查表,主要调查内容包括养殖场基本情况、人和动物粪便污染情况等;采取部分养殖场的淡水鱼进行肝吸虫囊蚴检验。使用EpiData3.0建立数据库,用Epiinfo3.5.1进行统计分析。结果共调查了67间淡水鱼养殖场,16间塘基建有厕所,占被调查养殖场总数的23.88%（16/67）;48间塘基建有家禽或家畜栏,占被调查总数的71.64%（48/67）。抽样检测了10间养殖场的淡水鱼,共有6间养殖场淡水鱼中检出肝吸虫囊蚴,占受检总数的60%（6/10）,各村均有受肝吸虫感染的养殖场。共采集了156条淡水鱼,囊蚴总阳性率为15.38%（24/156）。鲩鱼的感染率最高（5/10）,其次为鳙鱼（11/47）。结论江门市某区人和动物粪便污染淡水鱼养殖场水质的情况较为普遍,淡水鱼感染肝吸虫囊蚴的情况仍然严重,应当采取有效措施改善环境卫生,降低淡水鱼肝吸虫感染率,以制止肝吸虫病的流行。

A Survey on the Liver Fluke Infection in An Administrative Jiangmen City

Objective To study the extent of freshwater fish liver fluke metacercaria infection in Jiangmen city and to provide a reference for the formulation of prevention and control strategies.Methods Six administrative villages from 5 different towns in the Jiangmen city were selected.Questionnaire type survey was conducted to study the basic situation of farms,human and animal waste pollution.Samples were collected from the selected freshwater fish farms for the detection of liver fluke metacercaria.EpiData3.0 was used to establish the database and the results were analyzed using Epiinfo3.5.1 for statistical analysis.Results 67 freshwater fish farms were investigated.16 farms（23.88%） had toilets built.48 farms（71.64%） also had poultry or livestock at the same time.10 freshwater fish farms,representing the farms in these 6 administrative villages,were selected for sampling.60% fishes in six of these farms were found to have infection by liver fluke metacercaria.A total of 156 freshwater fishes were analyzed and 15.58% fish was found to have metacercaria.Grass Carp was found to have the highest liver fluke infection rate（5/10）,followed by bighead carp（11/47）.Conclusion Human and animal faecal contamination of freshwater fish farms is common in the Jiangmen city.Liver fluke metacercariae infection is serious in fish.Improvement of sanitation and reduce freshwater fish liver fluke infection are required to stop the liver fluke disease epidemic.