深圳市疟疾预防与控制综合措施分析

目的研究深圳控制疟疾爆发流行的预防、控制措施及蚊的种群分布。方法分析深圳控制疟疾综合防治的措施,对疟疾高度流行区的人群使用氟氯氰菊酯缓释剂型防蚊蚊帐预防疟疾感染,利用金标层析试纸条快速筛查来自疟疾流行区人群,筛选传播疟疾蚊媒遗传标志并建立传疟蚊媒分子诊断技术;利用多基因遗传分析系统监测蚊媒耐药基因的表达。结果深圳市疟疾的年发病率从1981年的1097.89/10万下降到2005年的1/10万以内,在1985-1990年疟疾高度流行期间制作防蚊蚊帐148万顶,保护了60多万暴露在疟疾感染下的人群,金标层析试纸条检测与镜检结果的符合率为100%,筛选了ITS2基因用于快速鉴别不同蚊媒的种类。结论疟疾控制必须采取积极预防、早期诊断和治疗、媒介监测和健康教育等综合防治措施。

Study on Integrate Control and Prevention Measures of Malaria in Shenzhen City

Objective To investigate the prevention and control measures in Shenzhen and the distribution of mosquito.Methods Transmission of malaria was controlled by integration measures.Biting of mosquito was prevented by mosquito net which was soaked with insecticide in high Transmission area of Shenzhen.Patients with malaria were diagnosed by gold immunochroma-tography assay（GICA）.Population of mosquito was detected by RT-PCR,and pesticide resistance was analyzed by multiple gene express system.Results Infection rate of malaria was decreased from 1 097.89 /10 pan to 1 /10 pan in Shenzhen.Prevalence tendency of malaria was significantly reduced from outbreak period,to control period and to low prevalence period.By analyzing the rDNA-ITS2 sequence of Culex pipiens pallens,Aedes albopictus and Anopheles anthropophagus,rDNA-ITS2 gene was found to be useful to distinguish the mosquito species.The PCR system can distinguish the three species of mosquitoes.Using GICA of monoclonal antibodies against the metabolic enzyme pLDH of Plasmodium spp could diagnose Plasmodium falciparum and to distinguish others Plasmodium spp,which has high specificty and sensitivity compared with pathogen examination.Mosquito net which was soaked with insecticide had prevented malaria infection of 0.6 million people.Conclusion Malaria control should take integrated control measures such as active prevention,early diagnosis and treatment,intermediary monitoring and health education.