经动脉化学栓塞和经皮冷冻序贯治疗肝细胞癌

目的 评价经动脉化学栓塞(TACE)和经皮冷冻序贯治疗无法切除的肝细胞肝癌(HCC)的疗效.方法 将420例无法手术切除的HCC患者分为TACE-冷冻序贯治疗组290例(序贯组)和单纯冷冻组130例(冷冻组).TACE按常规操作,术后2～4周行经皮冷冻治疗.1个月及以后每2～3个月随访1次,包括肝脏超声和(或)腹部CT,并检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP).结果 平均随访(42±17)个月(范围24～70个月),所有患者消融灶局部复发率为17%,序贯组和冷冻组分别为11%和24%(P=0.001).1、2、3、4和5年平均存活率分别为72%、57%、47%、39%和31%.序贯组1年和2年存活率(71%和61%)与冷冻组(73%和54%)相似(P值分别=0.69和0.147);而4年和5年存活率,序贯组(49%和39%)高于冷冻组(21%和23%,P=0.001).序贯组有18例肿瘤直径＞5cm的患者存活逾5年,而冷冻组无一例.全组并发症发生率为24%,序贯组和冷冻组分别为21%和26%(P=0.06).冷冻组肝出血的发生率显著高于序贯组(P=0.02),且有2例发生肝破裂.结论 冷冻治疗前先行TACE能提高冷冻消融的疗效,减少其并发症,特别是肝出血.TACE和冷冻序贯疗法可能是治疗不能切除性HCC,特别是大肝癌的较好方法 .

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneous cryosurgery sequential therapy

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous cryosurgery sequential therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Four hundred and twenty patients with unresectable HCC were divided into sequential TACE-cryosurgery sequential (sequential) group (n=290) and cryosurgery alone (cryoalone) group (n = 130). TACE was performed with the routine operation; the percutaneous cryosurgery was conducted 2 to 4 weeks after TACE. The patients were followed up at the first month and once every 2 to 3 month later. Liver ultrasound or both computer tomography and alpha fetal protein were examined during follow-up. Results During a mean follow-up of (42±17) months (range from 24 to 70 months), the local recurrence rate of ablated lesion was 17% for all the patients, 11% and 24% for patients in sequential group and cryoalone groups respectively (P=0. 001). The overall 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-and 5-year survival rate was 72%, 57%, 47%, 39% and 31%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year survival rates (71% and 61 % ) in sequential group were similar to those (73 % and 54 % ) in cryo-alone group (P=0.69 and 0. 147), while the 4- and 5-year survival rates were higher in sequential group (49 % and 39 % ) than those (29 % and 23 % ) in cryo-alone group (P= 0.001). Eighteen patients with large HCC (＞5 cm in diameter) in sequential group survived for more than 5 years while no one in cryo-alone group. Complication rate was 24% in all patients, 21% and 26% for the sequential and cryo-alone groups respectively (P=0. 06). The incidence of hepatic bleeding was higher in cryo-alone group than in sequential group (P=0. 02). Liver crack occurred in two patients of the cryoalone group. Conclusions Pre-cryosurgical TACE increased the cryoablation efficacy and decrease its complications, especially hepatic bleeding. TACE and cryosurgery sequential therapy may be a better treatment for unresectable HCC, especially for large HCC.