综合干预对受虐待小学生行为问题和社会能力的影响

目的探讨综合干预措施对小学生受虐待现象及其行为问题的影响作用。方法采取整群抽样的方法对徐州市某区小学179名小学生进行儿童期虐待史自评量表（PRCA）和Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）的调查。把179名小学生按班级随机分为干预组（88人）与对照组（91人）。对干预组进行2个月的综合干预,干预方法包括教师干预、家长干预、学生干预和媒体宣传。干预结束半年后,对两组小学生重测儿童期虐待史自评量表和Achenbach儿童行为量表。结果与对照组相比,干预组小学生的受虐待率和行为问题减少较明显（33.8%对20.5%,χ^25.13,P〈0.05;17.6%对8.2%,χ^24.56,P〈0.05）。重复测量的方差分析发现,综合干预对社会能力得分改变值没有明显影响（P〉0.05）。回归分析表明,影响活动情况和社交情况得分改变值的因素有性别和干预前社会能力（Beta值=-0.127,P〈0.05;Beta值=0.629～0.752,P〈0.001）。结论综合干预能减少小学生受虐待现象和行为问题的发生,可以促进小学生行为能力的发展,但短期内难以改善儿童社会能力的发展状况。

A Study on Effect of Comprehensive Intervention on Behavioral Problem and Social Behavior of Abused Pupils

Objective To explore and examine the effect of comprehensive intervention on behavioral problem of abused pupils, Methods 179 children from a common primary school in Xuzhou were investigated by Personal Report of Childhood Abuse （PRCA） and Child Behavior Checklist （CBCL）. 179 children were randomly divided into intervention group （n = 88） and control group （n = 91）. Comprehensive intervention was given to intervention group for two months. After intervention, Personal Report of Childhood Abuse and Child Behavior Checklist were tested again. Results The results show that the decrease of child abuse rate and behavioral problem in intervention group are significantly higher than those of control group（33.8% vs 20. 5%, x^2=5. 18, P〈0.05; 17.6% vs 8.2%, x^2=4.56, P〈0.05）. Comprehensive intervention has no effect on the development of social behavior （P〉0.05）, with analysis of variance of repeated measurement. The score of social behavior is significantly predicted by gender and the score of social behavior before intervention（Beta=-0. 127, P〈0.05; Beta=0. 629-0. 752, P〈0. 001）. Conclusion By means of comprehensive intervention, we can decrease the incidence of child abuse and behavioral problem in children, but we can not improve the development of social behavior.