重症监护室患者机械通气相关性肺炎原因及护理对策探讨

目的：探讨ICU患者发生机械通气相关性肺炎（VAP）的原因及护理干预对VAP的影响。方法：选取我院自2006年4月至2011年3月ICU收治的350例患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为干预组和对照组各175例,进行前瞻性观察,比较两组患者的VAP发生率、ICU住院天数、住院费用等指标,对VAP发生的原因进行分析。结果：干预组VAP阳性19例,阴性156例,阳性率为10.9%;对照组VAP阳性36例,阴性139例,阳性率为20.6%。两组VAP阳性率比较有显著差异（X2=9.236,P〈0.05）,具有统计学意义。两组患者住ICU天数、住院天数及住院费用方面比较均有显著差异（P〈0.05）,具有统计学意义。结论：患者因素、药物因素、治疗因素是导致VAP发生的三大原因,给予干预性护理措施可以减少上述因素的发生,从而降低VAP的发生率。

ICU Patients with Mechanical Ventilation Associated Pneumonia Causes and Nursing Countermeasures

Objective： To investigate the ICU patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia（VAP） causes and nursing intervention.Method： In our hospital from Apr.2006 to Mar.2011,350 patients as the research object were randomly divided into intervention group and control group according to the random number table,with 175 cases in each group.Comparing the two groups of patients with the incidence of VAP,ICU length of stay,hospital costs and other indicators,found out the VAP reasons.Result： In the intervention group,19 cases were VAP positive,negative in 156 cases,the positive rate was 10.9%;In the control group,36 cases were VAP positive,negative in 139 cases,the positive rate was 20.6%.The positive rate of VAP of two groups have significant difference（X^2=9.236,P〈0.05）,with statistical significance.In two groups of patients living in ICU days,length of hospital stay and hospital costs were significant difference（P〈0.05）,with statistical significance.Conclusion： Patient factors,drug factors,therapeutic factors is the leading cause of VAP three reasons,Nursing intervention can reduce the above-mentioned factors occur,thus reducing the incidence rate of VAP.