Risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with hypothyroidism: A nationwide population-based cohort study |
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Affiliation: | 1. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Geriatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Italy;2. Department of Oncology, Unit of Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy;3. Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA;4. Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;5. Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy |
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Abstract: | IntroductionHypothyroidism has been implicated in many other disease conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of PD in patients with hypothyroidism.MethodsA total of 4725 patients with hypothyroidism and 4725 controls (without hypothyroidism) matched by age, gender, index year, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score were enrolled between 2000 and 2012. Patients were then followed until the end of 2013 using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, at which time participants who developed PD were identified. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of PD incidence rate between patients with hypothyroidism and unaffected controls.ResultsPatients with hypothyroidism had a significantly increased risk of PD compared with unaffected controls (2.00 versus 1.10 per 1,000 person-years, HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13–2.76) after adjusting for age, gender, CCI score, physical comorbidities (brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus), and duration of levothyroxine use. Also, older age (≥50 vs. <50 - HR:14.83), higher CCI score (CCI score 1–2 & ≥3 vs. 0 - HR: 1.66–1.74), and specific comorbidities (brain injury (HR: 1.78) and cerebrovascular disease (HR: 2.46)) significantly increased the risk of PD after adjusting for the variables mentioned above.ConclusionsPatients with hypothyroidism have an increased risk of developing PD. Other prospective studies that take into account genetic vulnerability and environmental exposures are warranted to confirm their relationship. |
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Keywords: | Hypothyroidism Parkinson's disease Brain injury Cerebrovascular disease Cohort |
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