Differences in lower extremity muscular coactivation during postural control between healthy and obese adults |
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| Institution: | 1. Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, #7820436 Santiago, Chile;2. School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, # Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom;3. Centro de Investigacion en Fisiologia del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile;4. Laboratory of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Hospital San José, #8380419 Santiago, Chile;5. Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, #8380453 Santiago, Chile;6. Laboratorio LIBFE, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad de los Andes, #7620086 Santiago, Chile;7. Kinesiología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, #9170124 Santiago, Chile;8. Servicio de Tobillo y Pie, Instituto Traumatológico, #8340220 Santiago, Chile;9. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, #8380419 Santiago, Chile;10. Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, #97508000 Uruguaiana, Brazil;11. Centro de Salud Deportivo, Clinica Santa Maria, #8340518 Santiago, Chile |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionIt is well established that obesity is associated with deterioration in postural control that may reduce obese adults’ autonomy and increase risks of falls. However, neuromuscular mechanisms through which postural control alterations occur in obese adults remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of obesity on muscle coactivation at the ankle joint during static and dynamic postural control.Materials and methodsA control group (CG; n = 20; age = 32.5 ± 7.6 years; BMI = 22.4 ± 2.2 Kg/m²) and an obese group (OG; n = 20; age = 34.2 ± 5.6 years; BMI = 38.6 ± 4.1 Kg/m²) participated in this study. Static postural control was evaluated by center of pressure (CoP) displacements during quiet standing. Dynamic postural control was assessed by the maximal distance traveled by the CoP during a forward lean test. Electromyography activity data for the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) were collected during both quiet standing and forward lean tests. Muscle activities were used to calculate two separate coactivation indexes (CI) between ankle plantar and dorsal flexors (GM/TA and SOL/TA, respectively).ResultsCoP displacements were higher in the OG than in the CG for quiet standing (p < 0.05). When leaning forward, the maximal distance of the CoP was higher in the CG than in the OG (p < 0.05). Only the CI value calculated for SOL/TA was higher in the OG than in the CG for both static and dynamic tasks (p < 0.05). The SOL/TA CI value in the OG was positively correlated with CoP displacements during quiet standing (r = 0.79; p < 0.05).ConclusionObesity increases muscle coactivation of the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles at the ankle joint during both static and dynamic postural control. This adaptive neuromuscular response may represent a joint stiffening strategy for enhancing stability. Consequently, increased ankle muscle coactivation could not be considered as a good adaptation in obese adults. |
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| Keywords: | Overweight Electromyography Co-contraction Balance Lower limb |
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