Thyroid tissue outside the thyroid gland: Differential diagnosis and associated diagnostic challenges |
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| Institution: | 1. Endocrine Physiology Research Center and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. From Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nashville, Tennessee;2. University of Michigan, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ann Arbor, Michigan;3. Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition & Diabetes, Rochester, Minnesota. |
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| Abstract: | The presence of thyroid tissue outside of the thyroid gland may occur in various clinical settings and anatomic locations and includes both benign and malignant differential diagnoses. Some of these entities include thyroglossal duct cyst, lingual thyroid, parasitic nodule, thyroid tissue within a lymph node and struma ovarii. In routine daily practice, these entities do pose diagnostic challenges for the pathologists. Differential diagnostic considerations depend largely on the location of lesion and the histologic features. A definitive diagnosis may remain unclear in some cases while knowledge is still evolving in others i.e., incidentally detected bland appearing thyroid follicles in a lateral neck lymph node. This article aims to elaborate on the various entities characterized by thyroid tissue outside of the thyroid gland, both benign and malignant, and the relevant differential diagnostic considerations. |
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