Pharmacologic and cellular therapies in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injuries: A systematic review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA;4. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA;5. Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;6. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, USA;1. Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, S. Kovalevskoy St., 20, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia;2. Institute of Plants and Animal Ecology UB RAS, Vos''mogo Marta St., 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia;1. Real-World Insights Group, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical sciences, 500058 Hyderabad, India;2. Department of Genetics, Osmania University, 500058 Hyderabad, India;3. Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, 411038 Pune, India;4. The International Telematica University, 00186 Rome, Italy;5. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 11433 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;6. Lord Shiva College of Pharmacy, 125055 Sirsa, India;7. Bandodkar College of Science Advanced Centre, 400601 Mumbai, India;8. Department of Zoology, Adoni College of Arts and Science, 518302 Adoni, Kurnool, India;9. Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University, 203201 Gautam Budh Nagar, India;10. Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;1. Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100041, China;2. Department of Neurology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China;3. China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;1. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada;3. Norther Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada;4. Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;5. Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThe objective of this review is to synthesize and consolidate the existing literature on the treatment of SCI, focusing on drugs in development and cellular therapeutics, including stem-cell treatments.MethodsStudies were identified through a systemic search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane database from their respective inceptions through January 1, 2020. We used the keywords “spinal cord injuries”, “therapeutics”, “stem cells”, and “pharmacology.”Study selectionStudies that assessed treatment strategies for SCI were included.Data extraction and synthesisData on SCIs were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.FindingsIn total, 62 articles were found in the literature search and 13 clinical trials were identified and included in this study. This review article discusses the management and treatment of SCI with an emphasis on the pharmacology, molecular approaches, and the use of stem cells. Presently, none of the treatments examined has shown to be clearly effective.ConclusionsPresent management strategies of SCI are focused on improving spinal cord perfusion and decreasing secondary injuries such as hypoxia, inflammation, edema, excitotoxicity and disturbances of ion homeostasis. This review hopes to demonstrate the significant advances made in the field of SCI and the new methodologies and practices being employed by researchers to improve our knowledge of the pathology. Our hope is that by consolidating the past and current research, improvements can be made in the management, treatment, and outcomes for these patients and other who suffer from spinal pathologies. |
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| Keywords: | Spinal cord injury Clinical trials Spinal cord Stem cells Pharmacology Treatment of spinal cord injuries |
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