抗帕金森病新药研究进展

帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,其特征为黑质纹状体通路的多巴胺能神经元的丢失。左旋多巴一直作为临床治疗的主导用药,然而,该药长期应用会引起症状波动和运动障碍。目前最有希望治疗帕金森病的药物包括能够阻碍或者降低神经退行性过程的神经保护性药物,能够恢复大脑功能的药物,多巴胺替代和保留的药物,作用于纹状体以外的非多巴胺的神经递质的抗运动障碍药物。此外,一些具有崭新作用机制的药物,如腺苷A_(2A)受体阻滞剂、抗细胞凋亡药物等,都可能以单用或合并用药治疗PD。现综述目前临床治疗和开发中的抗PD新药的研究进展。

Advances in the anti-Parkinson''''s disease drugs

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and decrease in striatal dopamine levels.For many years,levodopa has been the most popular drug to treat PD patients.However,this agent can induce motor fluctuations and dyskinesias after long- term treatment.Currently,the most promising approaches include the 'neuroprotective' drugs that are capable of blocking or at least slowing down the degenerative process responsible for cellular death;'restorative'strategies in- tended to restore normal brain function;more effective agents for replacing dopamine loss;and symptomatic and an- tidyskinetic drugs that act on neurotransmitters other than dopamine or target brain areas other than the striatum.In addition,some novel drugs with new mechanism,such as the adenosine A_(2A)receptor antagonist and anti-apoptotic drugs are promising in treating PD alone or in combination with other disorders.In this review we will discuss new anti-PD drugs that are widely-used in clinic and drugs in development that target the primary motor disorder in PD.