脊柱裂患者的影像尿动力学特点分析

目的分析脊柱裂患者的影像尿动力学特点，探讨其发生上尿路损害的尿动力学危险因素。方法33例脊柱裂患者采用非完全同步影像尿动力学方法评估患者的膀胱尿道功能，了解膀胱的感觉、稳定性、顺应性、相对安全容量、逼尿肌漏尿点压力、有无膀胱输尿管返流等储尿功能参数，以及排尿期逼尿肌压力、有无逼尿肌内外括约肌协同失调（DSD）等排尿功能参数。将患者按照有无肾积水或返流、肾功能损害分为上尿路损害组和非损害组，统计比较各组中尿动力学参数的差异。结果脊柱裂患者上尿路损害的发生率约为51％（17／33），其中膀胱输尿管返流发生率为33％（11／33），无返流性肾积水发生率为18％（6／33）。在肾积水患者中，64．7％具有膀胱输尿管返流。上尿路损害组的膀胱顺应性和相对安全容量等参数与非损害组相比差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论脊柱裂患者具有较高的上尿路损害发生率，其中膀胱输尿管返流占较大比例。膀胱顺应性下降及相对安全容量小可能是患者发生上尿路损害的主要尿动力学危险因素。

Videourodynamic characteristics in spina bifida patients

ObjectiveTo study the videourodynamic characteristics in spina bifida patients and to discuss the urodynamic risk factors causing the upper urinary tract deterioration.Methods33 cases with spina bifida were evaluated with non-complete synchronized videourodynamic test.Filling-phase function of bladder was evaluated with bladder sensation,detrusor activity,compliance,relative safe capacity,detrusor leak point pressure and presence of vesicoureteral reflux;voiding phase function was evaluated with detrusor pressure,the synergy between detrusor and external sphincter,the pressure-flow study.Patients were classified into upper urinary tract damage group and non-damage group according to the imaging and renal function test.The urodynamic parameters between the two groups were compared statistically.Results17 cases were found upper urinary tract damage(51%)in which 11 with vesicoureteral reflux and 6 was non-reflux hydronephrosis.Bladder compliance and relative safe capacity were significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionSpina bifida patients complicate a high incidence of upper urinary damage,especially vesicoureteral reflux.Low compliance and small relative safe capacity may be the major urodynamic risk factors causing upper urinary tract damage.