Ultrastructural and morphometric study of the Sertoli cell of the viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) during the annual reproductive cycle

Changes in the morphology of viscacha Sertoli cells were studied during the annual reproductive cycle. Sertoli cells exhibited marked nuclear and cytoplasmic changes. Seasonal variation in nuclear size and shape, chromatin texture, and nucleolus characteristics was observed. The seasonal patterns of the volume densities of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, Golgi complex, dense bodies and lipid inclusions were distinct. Morphometric analysis revealed that the Golgi complex is the organelle most sensitive to seasonal change. It declined drastically in the regressed testes and its recovery was slow. The ER and mitochondria exhibited seasonal variations in their pattern and content, that was minimal during winter. In contrast, an accumulation of lipid and dense bodies, such as primary and secondary lysosomes, accompanied the spermatogenic arrest. The volume densities of both organelles were maximum during the restoration of spermatogenesis. The length and organization of the inter-Sertoli junctions also changed with the reproductive cycle. The Sertoli cell number per tubular cross section decreased significantly during the testicular regression, coincident with the presence of Sertoli cells with marked signs of involution. The degree of regression and recovery exhibited by the viscacha Sertoli cells was closely related to that shown by the associated germ cells. Therefore, seasonal endocrine fluctuations and local factors could be involved in the regulation of the morphological and functional characteristics of the viscacha Sertoli cells. These hormonal fluctuations are synchronized by the photoperiod through the pineal gland and its hormone, melatonin.