Role of bisphosphonates and calcitonin in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis |
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| Authors: | Woo T Adachi J D |
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| Institution: | 1. Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India;2. Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;1. St Vincent''s Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Australia;2. Department of Radiology, St Vincent''s Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Australia;3. Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent''s Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Australia;4. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Australia;5. University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, St Vincent''s Hospital, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, Australia;1. Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 11 Armeiska Str., Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria;3. Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;1. 2nd Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland;2. Dialysis Unit, Mlawa, Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine and Dialysotherapy, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland;3. 1st Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Bisphosphonates have been shown to increase bone mineral density in patients with established osteoporosis as well as those with osteopenia. The evidence conclusively shows a reduction in fracture rates in patients on the more potent nitrogen containing bisphosphonates. Indeed, significant vertebral fracture rate reduction has been demonstrated after only 1 year of therapy. Alendronate, a second-generation bisphosphonate, and risedronate, a third-generation bisphosphonate, are first line medications for the treatment of osteoporosis given their efficacy in preventing both vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. There is evidence that vertebral fractures may be prevented by intermittent cyclic therapy with etidronate. All three have been shown to increase bone mineral density in the spine, with alendronate and risedronate producing significant increases in hip bone density. Calcitonin has demonstrated the ability to reduce vertebral fracture rates with minimal changes in bone density. Calcitonin is also beneficial in reducing the bone pain associated with fractures. |
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