The effects of the interaction of outboard motors with the aquatic environment--a review

The effects of the compounds associated with outboard motor subsurface exhausts on water quality and aquatic biota are reviewed. The problems affiliated with water quality may include the formation of undesirable tastes and odors and the appearance of oily substances. It has been demonstrated that outboard motor exhaust water can exhibit a toxic effect in sufficiently high concentrations to fathead minnows and bluegills, taints the flesh of various fish, and may affect the reproduction of fish.A discussion of the current research related to the effects of outboard motors on the aquatic environment is presented. Recommendations are given for future research to broaden the understanding of the interaction of outboard motors with the aquatic environment.