在校大学生早餐摄入相关知识、态度及行为状况调查

目的 了解高校在校大学生早餐摄入相关知识、态度以及行为状况，为指导大学生合理膳食提供依据。方法 于2014年3-5月采用二阶段抽样方法，第一阶段在吉林省吉林市吉林医药学院分层随机抽取不同院系、年级的学生329人进行早餐摄入相关知识和态度调查；第二阶段在第一阶段基础上，随机抽取118名学生进行早餐摄入情况调查。结果 大学生早餐知识和态度调查显示，大多数学生能够认识到早餐对健康的重要性，女生比男生更重视早餐（87.9% vs 75.0%），女生了解早餐相关知识比男生多（45.2% vs 43.8%），也更关注早餐的营养状况（48.8% vs 37.5%）；女生经常吃早餐的频率（每周早餐频率≥ 5次）明显高于男生（79.3% vs 60.4%），且男生早餐就餐情况受上课影响也比女生大（56.9% vs 41.7%）；早餐实际摄入状况调查显示，男生早餐摄入能量平均值为（2 498.9±637.9）kJ，女生为（1 941.4±588.1）kJ，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），且男女生早餐摄入能量均值低于推荐值标准；摄入早餐能量不足者中，女生体重过轻者比例明显高于男生（19.5% vs 5.3%）。结论 大学生对早餐相关知识的了解、重要性的认识、早餐习惯以及能量摄入等方面还有待加强。为保证大学生良好的身体素质，有必要对在校大学生制定合理的早餐膳食规划。

Knowledge,attitude and practices about breakfast among college students

Objective To examine breakfast-related knowledge,attitudes and practices (KAP) among college students and to provide evidences for promoting healthy dietary behavior in the students.Methods Two-stage random sampling was adopted in the study.First,329 students studying in different departments and at different grades were recruited in a university in Jilin city of Jilin province for a survey on knowledge and attitude about breakfast,and then 118 students were selected with simple random sampling for the survey on breakfast consumption using a self-designed questionnaire during March and May 2014.Results Most of the students knew the health importance of breakfast.The female students had a better status of breakfast-related KAP than the male students,with higher breakfast-related awareness rates for health importance (87.9% vs.75.0%),knowledge (45.2% vs.43.8%),nutritional concerns (48.8% vs.37.5%)and a higher ratio of having breakfast 5 days or more per week (79.3% vs.60.4%);while,the male students reported a significantly higher average breakfast energy intake than the female students (2 498.9±637.9 vs.1 941.4±588.1 kJ,P<0.05),but the energy intake of both the male and female students was lower than the recommended level.Among the students with lower breakfast energy intake than the recommended,the females had a higher ratio of underweight than the males (19.5% vs.5.3%,P<0.05).Conclusion The breakfast-related KAP should be improved and reasonable dietary patterns should be promoted among college students.