大连6月龄婴儿母乳喂养状况及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨辽宁省大连市6月龄婴儿母乳喂养状况及主要影响因素，为提高婴儿纯母乳喂养率提供有效的干预措施。方法 利用2015年大连市户籍内0~6月龄婴儿健康体检资料了解全市32 466名满6月龄婴儿喂养状况，之后采用分层随机抽样方法从大连市15个区市县中抽取满6月龄的1 030名婴儿家长进行母乳喂养影响因素问卷调查。结果 大连市6月龄婴儿母乳喂养率为91.20%，纯母乳喂养率为55.79%；婴儿部分母乳喂养原因主要是母亲泌乳差，人工喂养原因主要是无乳和工作受限；多分类logistic回归分析显示，与人工喂养相比男孩、早开奶、自然生产能促进母亲纯母乳喂养,OR值（95%CI）分别为1.36（1.10~1.86）、1.16（1.00~1.75）和1.46（1.07~1.99），且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），而母亲有职业、高中文化程度、非母婴同室的婴儿纯母乳喂养率较低，OR值（95%CI）分别为0.65（0.68~0.99）、0.55（0.35~0.88）、0.28（0.10~0.81），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。家长获得母乳喂养知识渠道主要为书籍、网络。结论 大连市婴儿母乳喂养状况良好，且低剖宫产率、早开奶、母婴同室及有效的健康宣教方式母亲的婴儿母乳喂养率高。

Status quo and influencing factors of breastfeeding among infants aged 6-month and elder in Dalian municipality

Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of breastfeeding among infants at the age of 6-month and older in Dalian city of Liaoning province for making effective intervention programs to promote exclusive breastfeeding.Methods A total of 1 030 infants were selected from the physical check-up dataset of 32 466 infants aged 6-month and older registered in 15 counties or districts of Dalian municipality in 2015 with stratified random cluster sampling and a self-administered questionnaire survey on breastfeeding was conducted among the parents of the infants recruited.Results The rate of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding were 91.20% and 55.79% for the infants surveyed.The main reason for the infants with partial breastfeeding was insufficient maternal milk and major reasons for the infants with formula feeding were no maternal milk and the working condition preventing their mothers to conduct breastfeeding.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mothers giving a birth to a boy,having early lactation,and with natural delivery were more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding,with the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) of 1.36 (1.10-1.86),1.16 (1.00-1.75),1.46 (1.07-1.99) (P<0.05 for all);while the mothers being employed,having the education of senior high school,and without rooming-in after the delivery were less likely to conduct breastfeeding,with the OR (95%CI) of 0.65 (0.68-0.99),0.55 (0.35-0.88),and 0.35 (0.10-0.81),respectively (P<0.05 for all).The major sources of breastfeeding knowledge were books and internet information for the infants' parents.Conclusion The status of breastfeeding is good among the infants in Dalian municipality and low cesarean delivery rate,early lactation,rooming-in after delivery,and effective health education can promote the mothers performing breastfeeding.