中国西部某市室内环境因素及PM2.5对肺功能影响

目的 了解中国西南部高频用煤地区酸雨城市室内环境危险因素对肺功能的影响。方法 于2011年11月-2012年3月采用简单随机抽样方法对贵州省遵义市城区215名成年人进行问卷调查,并检测用力肺活量（FVC）、1 s用力呼气量（FEV1）及FEV1/FVC;此外，检测室内、外PM_2.5浓度。结果 冬季暴露于燃煤、烹饪油烟、吸烟等危险因素与肺功能（FVC、FEV1）呈负相关。厨房与客厅或卧室隔开者FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC值（3.5、3.4、93.4）高于未隔开者（3.4、3.2、93.9），室内无老鼠和蟑螂者（3.5、3.4、93.2）高于暴露者（3.0、2.8、92.1），未吸烟者（3.6、3.5、93.4）高于吸烟者（3.4、3.2、93.2）和戒烟者（3.2、3、93.2）（除FVC、FEV1外，均P<0.05），同卧室居住人数<3人者（3.5、3.4、93.4）高于≥3人者（2.7、2.5、91.8）（3项指标均P<0.05）；对21户厨房、卧室和室外PM_2.5浓度进行检测，其中位数（P₂₅~P₇₅）结果分别为517.0（483.5~616.0）、484.0（462.5~602.0）及398.0（378.5~411.5）CPM（P<0.05）；厨房、卧室PM_2.5与FEV₁/FVC呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 冬季室内环境因素燃煤、吸烟、宠物过敏源等是成人肺功能降低的危险因素。

Effect of indoor environment on pulmonary function in adults living in a city with acid rain contamination

Objective To investigate the influence of indoor environment risk factors on pulmonary function in adults living in a city with acid rain contamination due to heavy coal-burning pollution in southwest China.Methods Totally 215 residents aged 18-63 years and without respiratory diseases were selected with random sampling from 11 urban communities in Zunyi city of Guizhou province and surveyed with a questionnaire interview and measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) between November 2011 and March 2012;indoor and outdoor concentration of airborne particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5) were detected simultaneously.Results The participants' FVC and FEV1 were inversely correlated with coal-burning smoke and cooking fume exposure and smoking.The participants living in a house with a kitchen separated from other rooms had higher FVC (3.5 L vs.3.0 L),FEV1 (3.4 L vs.2.8 L) and a lower FEV1/FVC ratio (93.4% vs.93.9%) compared to those without a separated kitchen;the participants living in a house without mouse and cockroach had higher FVC (3.5 L vs.3.4 L),FEV1 (3.4 L vs.3.2 L) and FEV1/FVC ratio (93.2%vs.92.1%) compared to those with the exposure to mouse and cockroach at home;compared to the smokers/ex-smokers,the non-smokers had higher FVC (3.6 L vs.3.4 L/3.2 L),FEV1 (3.5 L vs.3.2 L/3.0 L),and FEV1/FVC ratio (93.4%vs.93.2%/93.2%)(all P<0.05 except for FEV1/FVC ratio);the participants using a bedroom with only one other person had significantly higher FVC (3.5 L vs.2.7 L),FEV1(3.4 L vs.2.5 L),and FEV1/FVC ratio (93.4%vs.91.8%) compared to those with two or more other persons (P<0.05 for all).The results of airborne PM_2.5 measurement for kitchens and bedrooms and their outdoor ambient air of 21 participants' houses revealed the means of PM_2.5 counts per minute (CPM) of 517 (25 percent point-75 percent point:483.5-616.0)for the kitchens,484 (462.5-602.0) for the bedrooms,and 398 (378.5-411.5) for the outdoor ambient air samples.The FEV1/FVC ratio was inversely correlated with the CPM value of kitchen and bedroom PM_2.5.Conclusion Coal burning,smoking,pet allergen are indoor risk factors of pulmonary function reduction in urban adults during winter time.