广州市适龄儿童第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭防龋效果分析

目的 了解广东省广州市实施适龄儿童第一恒磨牙免费窝沟封闭项目的防龋效果。方法 分别抽取接受第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭2年后、3年后的儿童各5 576和4 857人，进行龋患和封闭剂保留情况检查，在上述对象的同校同年级学生中抽取当年检查第一恒磨牙有窝沟封闭适应证但未接受封闭的儿童作为对照。结果 第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭2年后的封闭剂保留率为75.4%，龋齿检出率为5.67%，未封闭对照组的第一恒磨牙龋齿检出率为11.48%，龋齿降低比例为50.55%；封闭3年后的封闭剂保留率为72.2%，龋齿检出率为7.04%，未封闭对照组的第一恒磨牙龋齿检出率为11.82%，龋齿降低比例为40.46%。乡村儿童第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭2年后龋齿降低比例为59.39%，3年后为45.11%，分别高于同时期城市儿童的龋齿降低比例（48.27%和38.36%）。结论 窝沟封闭对儿童第一恒磨牙的防龋效果明显，特别对农村地区儿童，是适宜推广的预防和控制龋病的技术。

Caries prevention effect of pit and fissure sealant for first permanent molars among school-age children in Guangzhou city

Objective To explore caries prevention effect of pit and fissure sealant for the first permanent molars among school-age children in Guangzhou municipality.Methods With random sampling,examinations on sealant retention and caries were carried out among 5 576 and 4 875 pupils receiving pit and fissure sealant for their first permanent molars two or three years ago at their second year of primary school.School and grade group-matched pupils with the indication of not receiving pit and fissure sealant for the first permanent molars were recruited and examined as two control groups.Results Among the pupils having the pit and fissure sealant 2 years ago,the sealant retention rate was 75.4% and the detection rate of caries was 5.67%,which was 55.55% lower than that (11.48%) among the control pupils; among the pupils having the sealant 3 years ago,the sealant retention rate was 72.2% and the detection rate of caries was 7.04%,which was 40.46% lower than that (11.82%)of the control group.The dental caries rate decreased by 59.39% and 45.11% among the rural pupils receiving the sealant 2 and 3 years ago,which were higher than those among the urban pupils (48.27% and 38.36%).Conclusion Pit and fissure sealant for the first permanent molars is an effective and appropriate measure for the prevention of dental caries among school-age children,especially among children in rural areas.