Characterization of chromosome structures of Falconinae (Falconidae, Falconiformes, Aves) by chromosome painting and delineation of chromosome rearrangements during their differentiation |
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Authors: | Chizuko Nishida Junko Ishijima Ayumi Kosaka Hideyuki Tanabe Felix A Habermann Darren K Griffin Yoichi Matsuda |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics, Creative Research Initiative “Sousei”, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;(2) Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan;(3) Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Veterinarstrasse 13, D-80539 Munchen, Germany;(4) Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7N, UK |
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Abstract: | Karyotypes of most bird species are characterized by around 2n = 80 chromosomes, comprising 7–10 pairs of large- and medium-sized
macrochromosomes including sex chromosomes and numerous morphologically indistinguishable microchromosomes. The Falconinae
of the Falconiformes has a different karyotype from the typical avian karyotype in low chromosome numbers, little size difference
between macrochromosomes and a smaller number of microchromosomes. To characterize chromosome structures of Falconinae and
to delineate the chromosome rearrangements that occurred in this subfamily, we conducted comparative chromosome painting with
chicken chromosomes 1–9 and Z probes and microchromosome-specific probes, and chromosome mapping of the 18S–28S rRNA genes
and telomeric (TTAGGG)
n
sequences for common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) (2n = 52), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (2n = 50) and merlin (Falco columbarius) (2n = 40). F. tinnunculus had the highest number of chromosomes and was considered to retain the ancestral karyotype of Falconinae; one and six centric
fusions might have occurred in macrochromosomes of F. peregrinus and F. columbarius, respectively. Tandem fusions of microchromosomes to macrochromosomes and between microchromosomes were also frequently observed,
and chromosomal locations of the rRNA genes ranged from two to seven pairs of chromosomes. These karyotypic features of Falconinae
were relatively different from those of Accipitridae, indicating that the drastic chromosome rearrangements occurred independently
in the lineages of Accipitridae and Falconinae. |
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Keywords: | Accipitridae chromosome evolution Falconinae homology karyotype rearrangements |
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