经会阴二维及三维超声诊断女性膀胱颈梗阻

目的 探讨经会阴二维、三维超声诊断女性膀胱颈梗阻（BNO）的应用价值。方法 对36例BNO患者（BNO组）和30名正常女性（正常对照组）行经会阴超声及三维超声，测量膀胱颈厚度，并进行统计学分析。结果 经会阴超声能清晰显示膀胱颈形态、厚度。正常对照组膀胱颈部光滑，无隆起，尿道内口光滑，前、后唇厚度分别为（0.45±0.07）cm、（0.52±0.09）cm；BNO组膀胱颈前唇和（或）后唇增厚呈唇样突入膀胱，膀胱颈前、后唇厚度分别为（0.66±0.05）cm、（0.68±0.05）cm，尿道括约肌回声紊乱，尿道内口黏膜表面不光滑。结论 经会阴二维超声可清晰显示并测量女性尿道结构，三维超声能提供女性尿道及盆底结构的更加丰富的三维空间信息；二者联合应用对诊断BNO具有重要临床应用价值。

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional perineal ultrasound in diagnosis of female bladder neck obstruction

Objective To observe the value of two-dimensional and three-dimensional perineal ultrasound in diagnosis of female bladder neck obstruction (BNO). Methods Thirty-six patients with BNO and 30 normal adult females were enrolled. Perineal ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of bladder neck. Three-dimensional ultrasound was performed, and statistical analysis was made. Results Two-dimensional perineal ultrasound could clearly show all the bladder neck shape and the thickness of client. Normal bladder had smooth neck, no uplift, the thickness of anterior and posterior lips was (0.45±0.07)cm and (0.52±0.09)cm, respectively. Meanwhile, in BNO patients, the anterior and posterior lips of bladder neck became thicker and protruded into bladder, the thickness of anterior and posterior lips of bladder neck was (0.66±0.05)cm and (0.68±0.05)cm, respectively. The echo of urethral sphincter was disorder, and urethral mouth mucosal surface was not smooth. Conclusion Perineal ultrasound can clearly display and measure female urethral structure. Three-dimensional ultrasound can provide more abundant spacial information of female urethra structure of the pelvic floor. Combination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional perineal ultrasound is of important clinical value in diagnosis of female bladder neck obstruction.